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Chapter 8/10 Vocab
Chapter 8 and 10 Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
solute | A substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution. |
solvent | The substance in which a solute dissolves. |
dissociation | The process in which an ionic compound separates into ions as it dissolves. |
dispersion | Breaking into small pieces that spread. |
ionization | The process in which neutral molecules gain or lose electrons. |
acid | A compound that produces hydronium ions when dissolved in water. |
indicator | Any substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base. |
base | A compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. |
neutralization | The reaction between an acid and a base. |
salt | An ionic compound. |
pH | A measure of hydronium ion concentration. |
buffer | A solution that is resistant to large changes in pH. |
electrolyte | A substance that ionizes or dissociates into ions when it dissolves in water. |
radioactivity | The process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy. |
radioisotope | Any atom containing an unstable nucleus. |
nuclear radiation | Charged particles and energy that are emitted from the nuclei of radioisotopes. |
alpha particle | A positively charged particle made up of two protons and two neutrons. |
beta particle | An electron emitted by an unstable nucleus. |
gamma ray | A penetrating ray of energy emitted by an unstable nucleus. |
background radiation | Nuclear radiation that occurs naturally in the environment. |
strong nuclear force | The attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. |
fission | The splitting of an atomic nucleus into two smaller parts. |
chain reaction | Neutrons release during the splitting of an initial nucleus trigger a series of nuclear fission. |
critical mass | The smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction. |
fusion | A process in which the nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger nucleus. |
plasma | A state of matter in which atoms have been stripped of their electrons. |