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Clin Path I
Quiz #1 - Hematology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| EPO is a hormone originating in the _____, responds to tissue ______, and disease in the organ can lead to _____. | Kidney, hypoxia, anemia* |
| Characteristics of abnormal RBCs: ---- Orthochromatic normoblast --- Polychromatic erythrocyte -- Mature RBC - (Carboxyhemoglobin) | ---- nucleated RBC, orange-red --- AKA reticulocyte, blue tinge, larger -- biconcave disc, seven micra in diameter - tissue brilliant cherry red in color |
| CBC: Hemoglobin Normal, Abnormal M/F | F: 14 +/- 2, M: 16 +/- 2 (g/dL) Anemia: females less than 11, males less than 13 (Hb increases normally at high altitudes) |
| CBC: Total RBC Normal, Abnormal M/F | F: 4.2-5.4 million/ul M: 4.6-6.2 million/ul |
| CBC: Hematocrit Normal, Sources of error | F: 37-47% M: 40-54% Error: High - prolonged stasis, smoking; low - excess EDTA |
| Mean corpuscular volume | Diameter, normal is 7.2 microns - is a measure of RBC volume |
| Etiology of Macrocytosis (from MCV) - Kmow all 5 | 1. Folate/B12 deficiency 2. Chronic Liver Disease 3. Chronic alcoholism 4. Reticulocytosis 5. Myxedema |
| Etiology of Microcytosis (from MCV) - Know all 4 | 1. Chronic iron deficiency 2. Alpha or beta thalassemia 3. Anemia of chronic disease 4. Sideroblastic anemia (rare) |
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin | weight |
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration - Etiology of hypochromasia - Etiology of hyperchromasia | color; - hypo 1.chronic iron deficiency 2.anemia of chronic disease 3.sideroblastic anemia - hyper 1.spherocytosis 2.severe plasma lipemia 3.heavy smoking |
| Red blood cell distribution width | histogram; tells you cells aren't the right size, early test for anemia |
| CBC: WBC count Normal, Abnormal - Leukopenia - Leukocytosis | N: 4500-11000/uL - Leukopenia = viral (but increased lymphocytes) - Leukocytosis = bacterial (increased neutrophils) |
| CBC: Platelets Normal - Thrombocythemia - Thrombocytopenia | N: 150 - 400K/mL Thrombocythemia - malignancy Thrombocytopenia - <70K is clinically evident bleeding tendency |
| Review in notes: RBC - size (anisocytosis) - shape (poikilocytosis) | |
| Differential WBC: Neutrophils | N: 50-70% multi-lobed nucleus *increased in bacterial infection |
| Differential WBC: Eosinophils | N: 1-5% bi lobed nucleus, big red granules *increased with parasites and acute allergies |
| Differential WBC: Basophils | N: 0-1% hidden nucleus, dark purple/black granules *increased with myxedema and bad diseases |
| Differential WBC: Lymphocytes | N: 20-40% size of RBC, mostly nucleus *increased in viral infection |
| Differential WBC: Monocytes | N: 2-10% horseshoe shaped nucleus, usually vacuoles *recovering from infections |
| CBC: plasma cells | should not normally be in blood --> multiple myeloma |
| Reticulocyte count - etiology of reticulocytosis - normal range | aka polychromatic RBC - Polychromatophilia (Wright's stain) - 1. hemolytic anemia 2. chronic bleeding 3. after treatment of B12/Folate/iron deficiency - N: .5-1.5% |
| ESR tests for _______ (broad sense). It has (low/high) sensitivity. Changes in ESR due to the protein _____. - Normal ranges | inflammation, low sensitivity, fibrinogen. Normals: male 1-15 mm/hr, female 1-20 mm/hr, general formula is males=age/2, females=age+10/2 |
| CRP test | virtually absent in healthy individuals, increase after infection inflammation surgery trauma |
Created by:
dwagnerchiro
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