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RADT 308 Unit 4
Thumb and Finger
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name of the joint between the two phalanges of the thumb | Interphalangeal Joint or IP |
| Name the phalanges of the fingers | proximal, middle, and distal |
| Name the joint between the distal and middle phalanges of the fingers | Distal Interphalangeal Joint or DIP |
| Name the joint between the middle and proximal phalanges of the finger | Proximal Interphalangeal Joint or PIP |
| Fracture and dislocation of the posterior lip of the distal radius involving the wrist joint | Barton's Fracture |
| Transverse fracture that extends through the metacarpal neck, most commonly seen in the 5th metacarpal | Boxer's Fracture |
| Fracture of the distal phalanx caused by a ball striking the end of extended finger | Baseball(Mallet) Fracture |
| Fracture that does not traverse through the entire bone | Incomplete Fracture |
| Fracture of wrist from fall forward on outstretched arm. Fragment displaced posteriorly | Colles' Fracture |
| Partial dislocation of radial head of a child's arm, caused by a hard pull of hand or wrist | Nursemaid's (Jerked) Elbow |
| Also known as Reverse Colles, fracture of the distal radius with fragment displaced anteriorly. | Smith's Fracture |
| Fracture through the epiphyseal plate- one of the most easily fractured sites in the long bones of children | Epiphyseal Fracture |
| Increase mAs 50-60% or +5-7 kV | Small to Medium dry plaster cast |
| Increase mAs 100% or +8-10 kV | Large or Wet plaster cast |
| Increase mAs 25%-30% or +3-4 kV | Fiberglass cast |
| SID for finger or thumb | 40 inches |
| Also called luxation | Dislocation |
| Partial dislocation | Subluxation |
| A forced wrenching or twisting of a joint that results in a partial rupture or tearing of support ligaments without dislocation | Sprain |
| A bruise type of injury with a possible avulsion fracture | Contusion |
| Fracture that does not break through the skin | Simple (Closed)Fracture |
| Fracture with part of bone protruding through the skin | Compound (Open) Fracture |
| Fracture where the bone is splintered or crushed at the site of impact, two or more fragments | Comminuted Fracture |
| Fracture with one fragment is firmly driven into the other | Impacted Fracture |
| CR position for finger | PIP Joint |
| Occurs when a bone is displaced from the joint, articular contact of the bones that make up a joint is completely lost | Dislocation |
| If patient can assume position, use mediolateral rotation for the 2nd digit to reduce what? | OID |
| kV range for fingers and thumb | 50-60 kV |
| CR position for the thumb | First MCP joint |
| PA Stress "Skier's Thumb" Projection is also known as | Folio Method |
| Projection to show sprain or tearing of ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb at the MCP joint, result of acute hyperextension of thumb | Folio Method |
| Degree of obliquity for a PA Oblique Thumb | 45 degrees |
| This projection demonstrates fractures or dislocations of the first CMC joint | Modified Robert's Method |
| Used to rule out Bennett's Fracture | Modified Robert's Method |
| Type of shielding for finger or thumb | Gonadial |
| Angle of the CR for the Modified Robert's Method | 15 degrees |
| CR directed ____________ for the Modified Robert's Method | Proximally (toward wrist) |
| CR enters the ____________ joint for Modified Robert's Method | First CMC Joint |
| How much of the metacarpal must be included for a thumb? | Entire first metacarpal |
| Abduct thumb with palmer surface of hand in contact with cassette | Position for PA Oblique Projection |
| PA Thumb causes an increase in _____ | OID |
| CR is directed __________ to IR for an AP Thumb | Perpendicular |
| If patient cannot do an AP Thumb projection, this projection can be used | PA Thumb |
| Rotate hand __________ for AP Thumb | Internally |
| Mediolateral should be used for the ___________ to reduce OID | 2nd digit |
| Long axis of finger should be __________ to the IR | Parallel |
| Rotation for 2nd digit PA Oblique Projection | Medial |
| Rotation for 3rd-5th digits PA Oblique Projecton | Lateral |
| mAs for fingers | 2 mAs |
| mAs for thumb | 3 mAs |
| Type of screen used for finger or thumb | Detail Screen |
| 1st -5th IP joints are what type of joints | Ginglymus or Hinge type |
| Movement directions of Ginglymus joint | Flexion and Extension |
| Classification of finger and thumb joints | Synovial |
| Diarthrodial are ______________ movable | Freely |
| The 3 joints of the 2nd-5th digits | DIP,PIP,MCP |
| First Digit | Thumb |
| Fifth Digit | Little finger |
| 3 parts of a phalanx | Head, body (shaft), base |
| To keep joint space open, keep finger _______ to cassette | Parallel |
| Exposure factors for thumb or finger | low to medium kV (50-70), short exposure time, small focal spot, adequate mAs for sufficient density |
| Use grid when body part larger than _______cm | 10 cm |
| Can be used to prevent exposure form scatter and secondary radiation when more than one image taken on an imaging plate | Lead masking |
| How much of the imaging plate must be exposed for accurate exposure index in CR system | 30% |
| CR should be ____________ to body part and IR if there is no angle | 90 degrees or perpendicular |
| Close _________ helps to reduce patient radiation dose | Collimation |
| As Low As Reasonably Achievable | ALARA principle |
| Lowest exposure factors to produce an optimal image | highest kV possible and lowest mAs |
| This produces a noisy (grainy) image | Insufficient mAs |
| Break in the bone caused by force | Fracture |
| Widening of inner MCP joint space of thumb and increase in degrees of angle of MCP line | Skier's thumb |
| 50-60% of these cases also involve an ulnar styloid fracture | Colles' Fracture |
| Chronic systemic disease, inflammatory changes throughout the body's connective tissues, soft tissue swelling most prevalent around the ulnar styloid. | Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) |
| 3 times more common in women than men | RA |
| Early bone erosions at the 2nd and 3rd MCP joints or the 3rd PIP joint | RA |
| Closed joint spaces with subluxation of MCP joints | RA |
| Fluid-filled joint space with possible calcifications | Bursitis |
| Fluid-filled joint cavity | Joint Effusion |
| Narrowing of joint space with periosteal growth on the joint margins | Osteoarthritis (DJD) |
| Soft tissue swelling and loss of fat pad detail visibility | Osteomyelitis |
| Chalky white or opaque appearance with lack of distinction between the bony cortex and the trabeculae | Osteopetrosis |
| Marble bone | Osteopetrosis |
| Decrease in bone density, thin cortex | Osteoporosis |
| _____ exposure factors for Osteoporosis. | Decrease |
| _______ exposure factors for RA | Decrease |
| _______ exposure factors for Osteopetrosis | Increase |
| Mixed areas of sclerotic and cortical thickening with radiolucent lesions | Paget's Disease |
| Cotton wool appearance | Paget's Disease |
| Most common type of benign bone tumor, usually in 10-20 year old | Osteochondroma |
| Another name for Osteochondroma | Exostosis |
| Arises from the outer cortex with the tumor growing parallel to the bone, most common in the knee but also in the pelvis and scapula of children and young adults | Osteochondroma |
| Slow-growing benign cartilaginous tumor | Enchondroma |
| Most often found in small bones of the hands and feet of adolescents and young adults | Enchondroma |
| well-defined, radiolucent- appearing tumors with thin cortex, pathologic fracture with minimal trauma | Enchondroma |
| Benign bone or cartilaginous tumor | Chondroma |
| Slow-growing malignant tumor of the cartilage | Chondrosarcoma |
| Dense calcifications within the cartilaginous mass | Chondrosarcoma |
| Common primary malignant bone tumor in children and young adults | Ewing's Sarcoma |
| Arises from the bone marrow, symptoms of low-grade fever and pain, prognosis poor by time evident on radiographs | Ewing's Sarcoma |
| Stratified new bone formation,"onion peel" appearance | Ewing's Sarcoma |
| Second most common type of primary cancerous bone tumor, generally in people 10-20 years old | Osteogenic Sarcoma (Osteosarcoma) |
| Most common primary cancerous bone tumor,people 40-70 years old | Multiple Myeloma |
| Multiple "punched-out" osteolytic lesions | Multiple Myeloma |
| Loss of calcium in bone | Osteolytic |
| Tumors are most often______. | Benign |
| Noncancerous | Benign |
| Malignant | Cancerous |
| Destructive bone disease followed by a process of overproduction of very dense yet soft bones, fracture easily, more common in men over 40, commonly affects pelvis, femur, skull, vertebrae, clavicle, and humerus | Paget's Disease |
| Reduction in the quantity of bone, atrophy of skeletal tissue, occurs in postmenopausal women and elderly men | Osteoporosis |
| Bone trabeculae scanty and thin | Osteoporosis |
| Hereditary disease of abnormally dense bone, occurs as a result of fracture and may lead to obliteration of the marrow space | Osteopetrosis |
| Infection of the bone or bone marrow, may be caused by bacteria from trauma, surgery, or more commonly a contiguous source like a diabetic foot ulcer | Osteomyelitis |
| Degenerative joint disease (DJD) | Osteoarthritis |
| Noninflammatory joint disease, characterized by gradual deterioration of the articular cartilage with hypertropic bone formation | Osteoarthrisis |
| Most common type of arthritis and is a normal part of the aging process | DJD |
| Enlarged or overgrown | Hypertropic |
| Accumulated fluid in the joint cavity, sign of underlying condition, such as fracture, dislocation, soft tissue damage, inflammation | Joint Effusion |
| Common painful disorder of the wrist and hand,compression of the median nerve as it passes through the center of the wrist, most common in middle-aged women | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome |
| Inflammation of the bursae or fluid-filled sacs that enclose the joints, formation of calcifications in associated tendons, causes pain and limited joint movement | Bursitis |
| Transfer of disease or cancerous lesions from one organ or part not directly connected, transfer of malignant cells through the bloodstream or the lymphatic vessels | Bone metastases |
| Most common of the malignant bone tumors | Metastases |
Created by:
lawebster
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