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Tonicity &Osmolarity
Pharm Quiz 4, Tonicity and Osmolarity
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Hypovolemia | Loss of both Na+ & water- ↓ in volume of extracellular fluid (causes diarrhea & vomiting |
Hypervolemia | Causes: CHF, hypoalbuminemia, ↑ Na+ intake & primary Na+ renal retention |
Osmolality | Concentration of chemicals found in body fluid |
Iso-osmolar | Same proportions, in and out of internal cavity |
Hypo-osmolar | Hypervolemia, (<280 mOsm/kg) |
Hyper-osmolar | Hypovolemia, (>295 mOsm/kg) |
Tonicity | Effect of fluid on cellular volume (used primarily as measurement of IV fluid concentration - Range= 240-340 mOsm/L |
Hypotonic | Less than 240 mOsm/L |
Hypertonic | More than 340 mOsm/L |
Isotonic | Fluid balance occuring between 240-340 mOsm/L |
Hypovolemia | S/S: Marked thirst, dry mucous membranes, poor skin turgor, ↓ urine output, tachycardia & slight ↓ in systolic B/P |
Hypervolemia | S/S: Constant, irritated cough, dyspnea, neck vein engorgement, hand vein engorgement & moist rales in lungs |