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Thermodynamics

Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Matter Anything that has mass and volume; made of atoms
Element Simplest form of matter; organized on the Periodic Table with smallest unit being the
Compound Pure substance made of 2+ elements chemically combined with new and unique properties
Mixture Combination of 2+ substances that are physically combined that keep the properties
Pure Substance Substance that is identical regardless of where it is found or where it is located in
Solid State of matter; definite shape and volume with high intermolecular force and low KE
Liquid State of matter; definite volume, no definite shape- medium KE and intermolecular force
Gas State of matter; indefinite shape and volume- high KE, low intermolecular force
Plasma State of matter at extremely high temperatures that the atom has been blown apart- releasing electrons to result in + and - charged particles
Boiling Point Temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas
Freezing Point Temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid
Evaporation Process of going from a liquid to a gas
Condensation Process of going from a gas to a liquid
Sublimation Phase change from a solid directly to a gas
Melting Point Temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid
Absolute Zero Coldest possible temperature at which all Brownian motion stops; 0 Kelvin.
Temperature Average kinetic energy of an atom
Heat Movement of thermal energy between objects that are different temperatures
Thermal Energy TOTAL KE of all the atoms in a sample of a substance
Joule SI Unit for heat (and energy)
Specific Heat Temperature of a gram of something 1 degree Celsius
Conduction Heat transfer through direct contact or touching (EX- touching an iron)
Convection Heat transfer through currents (density); occurs in liquids or gases (EX- heating)
Radiation Heat transfer through empty space that is then absorbed by a substance or object (EX- fire)
Popular Physical Science sets

 

 



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