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Thermodynamics
Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Matter | Anything that has mass and volume; made of atoms |
Element | Simplest form of matter; organized on the Periodic Table with smallest unit being the |
Compound | Pure substance made of 2+ elements chemically combined with new and unique properties |
Mixture | Combination of 2+ substances that are physically combined that keep the properties |
Pure Substance | Substance that is identical regardless of where it is found or where it is located in |
Solid | State of matter; definite shape and volume with high intermolecular force and low KE |
Liquid | State of matter; definite volume, no definite shape- medium KE and intermolecular force |
Gas | State of matter; indefinite shape and volume- high KE, low intermolecular force |
Plasma | State of matter at extremely high temperatures that the atom has been blown apart- releasing electrons to result in + and - charged particles |
Boiling Point | Temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas |
Freezing Point | Temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid |
Evaporation | Process of going from a liquid to a gas |
Condensation | Process of going from a gas to a liquid |
Sublimation | Phase change from a solid directly to a gas |
Melting Point | Temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid |
Absolute Zero | Coldest possible temperature at which all Brownian motion stops; 0 Kelvin. |
Temperature | Average kinetic energy of an atom |
Heat | Movement of thermal energy between objects that are different temperatures |
Thermal Energy | TOTAL KE of all the atoms in a sample of a substance |
Joule | SI Unit for heat (and energy) |
Specific Heat | Temperature of a gram of something 1 degree Celsius |
Conduction | Heat transfer through direct contact or touching (EX- touching an iron) |
Convection | Heat transfer through currents (density); occurs in liquids or gases (EX- heating) |
Radiation | Heat transfer through empty space that is then absorbed by a substance or object (EX- fire) |