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Oceanography
Test #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Oceanography | description of marine envrionment |
| How much of the Earth's water is found in the oceans? | 97.2 |
| What is the oldest, deepest, and largest of the four/five ocean basins? | Pacific |
| Which ocean is the second in size and depth? | Atlantic |
| The deepest part of the ocean is the... | Mariano |
| The highest point on the land surface is... | Mt. Everest |
| Who sailed the SW Pacific to Hawaii? | Polynesian |
| What was the extent of the earliest European sailors extent of their ocean trouble? | phonecians |
| Who drew the first map of the world in 150 A.S? | Ptolemy |
| Who discovered America and when? | Leif Erikson in 995 A.D |
| What was the purpose of the "Age of Discovery" in Europe 1492-1522? | To search for new Eastern trade routs by sea and gold |
| Who is to be considered as the father of Oceanography by many, and mapped many islands in the pacific? | Ct. James Cook |
| The marine chronograph needed to measure______was not deverloped until the late 1700s. | longitude |
| Define: Hypothesis | Educated guesses |
| Define: Theory | Well tested hypothesis to which most people agree |
| What is the name of the current accepted idea of how the solar system was formed? | Nebular Hypothesis |
| What are two sources of heat in the center of the Earth today? | Radioactive Decay and heat from elusion of particles |
| How is earth divided based on chemical composition? | Crest, Manta and Core |
| One type of lithosphere is made up of oceanic crust under the ocean basins, composed of _____ (type of igneous rock), is relatively _____ density, made of _____ and _______ | basalt, high, olive, pyroxine |
| Isostatic adjustment results in continental crust _____, while oceanic crust _______. | floating, sinks |
| The ocean originated about 4 billion years ago, from _______ and _____. | outgassing of volcano and ice comets |
| Earliest life forms are found as fossilized ____ with an age of about 3.5 billion years. | algae |
| The 2 major type of life forms are heterotrophic, meaning animals and plants ______. And Autotrophic meaning _______. | can not produce own food & Algae and plants create food. |
| All organisms undergo respiration, while only autotrophs can _____. | Photosynthesis |
| Photosynthetic organisms release _______ into the atmosphere. | oxygen |
| The age of the earth and solar system is through to be about __ billion years. | 4 |
| What is the hot, soft, more fluid material beneath the plates called? | esthesosphere |
| What geographic example does Dr. Atwater use to illustrate earthquakes and volcanoes? | Andes in South America |
| How long has India been colliding with Asia? | 40 million yrs. |
| Which tectonic plate does L.A lie? | Pacific |
| Which tectonic plate does San Francisco lie? | North American |
| Transform Boundaries are characterized by ____ | shallow earthquakes |
| Example of the continental transformation boundary is ____ | San Andreas Fault |
| Example of a geographic hotspot is ____ ____ and ____ | Hawaii, Yellowstone and Iceland |
| What is a volcano on the ocean floor? | Seamount |
| What is a flat-topped volcano on the ocean floor caused by wave action? | guyot |
| There are two stages an atoll goes through. One is the ____ when the coral reef surrounds the volcanic island. When a lagoon develops between and island and the reef it is called ____. | Fringing, Barrier |
| The Wilson cycle describes the evolution of ocean basins and includes ____, ______ and ______. | Formation, Growth and Distruction |
| The first continent was called _____ and the ocean _____ by Alfred Weger | Pangea, panthalessa |
| The single continent existed ___ million years ago. | 200 |
| The four main pieces of evidence to support the continental drift theory are: _____, ______, _____ and ______ | fit of continent, continental mountain belts, glaciers and fossils |
| Divergent boundaries are characterized by the plates moving ____ and the plate material is being created and ____ earthquakes. | apart, shallow |
| Some examples of divergent boundaries are _____, _____ and ____ | East African rift valleys, red sea/Gulf of CA and Mid-Atlantic ridge |
| When the oceanic rises are fast spreading, with gentle slopes...and example is _____. | East Pacific rise |
| When the oceanic rises are slow spreading with a steep slope, an example is ____. | Mid-Atlantic ridge |
| Convergent boundaries are where plates move _____. They are characterized by shallow to deep earthquakes | toward each other |
| And example of oceanic-continental convergence is ____ | Andres or cascades |
| An example oceanic-oceanic convergence is ______ | Indonesia, Japan, Allusian Islands |
| An example of continental - continental convergence is ____ | Himmulas, Alps |
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