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Psychology
Psychologist and their contribution
| name | contribution |
|---|---|
| Plato | Believed that what we know is a mere recollection of what we knew at a previous time-there are two ways to knowledge: the senses and the intellect |
| William James | First text book on psychology and influenced by Charles Darwin's Evolution Theory |
| Aristotle | Believed that man is a rational animal in possession of a body with its physical needs and appetites-and has a soul |
| Jean Piaget | developed a theory of cognitive development |
| Socrates | Believed that knowledge and virtue closely relate that no human ever knowingly does evil, that we all invariably so what we believe to be best and that improper conduct can only be a product of our ignorance rather than a symptom of weakness of the will |
| Carl Jung | Believed the most inaccessible layer of the unconscious contains universal experiences of humankind transmitted to each individual |
| John Locke | Believed in Tabula Risa (new begining)and that we know with certainty that God exists |
| Arnold Gesell | A child Psychologist who developed a child developmental age scale that measured the relationship between chronological age versus developmental age |
| David Wechsler | Focused on mental processes utilizing intellectual testing scales for I.Q. |
| Erik Erikson | Developed 8 developmentalstages through the lifespan and theorized that each ate defined by a conflict that must be resolved satisfactory in order for healthy personality development to occur |
| Ivan Pavlov | Developed the classic conditioning theory in which he conducted a study on dogs where he identified that dogs would salivate naturally in response to food placed inside the mouth |
| Sigmund Freud | Proposed three systems of personality-Id, Ego, and Superego |
| Carl Rogers | Free Will and conscious Choice-Believed parents set up conditions of worth |
| B. F. Skinner | Believed that the causes of behavior are in the enviroment and do not result from inner mental events such as thoughts, feelings, or perceptions and claimed that these inner mental events are themselves behaviors, and like any other are shaped by envirome |
| John Watson | Believed that a persons enviroment dictated personal behavior and that fear could be classically conditioned |
| Abraham Maslow | Developed the Hierarchy of Needs and proposed that our need for self-fulfillment depends on how well our needs for physical well-being, safety, belonging, and esteem have been net |
| Albert Bandura | Believed that many behaviors or responses are acquired through obsevational learning, or currently, social-cognitive learning |
| Lev Vygotsky | Language-based spontaneous behaviors exhibited by children were important to the process of cognitive developement and maintained that human infants come equipped with basic skills; perception,ability to pay attention, and certain memory capacities |
| Edward Thorndike | believed that trial and error was the vasis of most behavioal changes and that connections between a stimulus and a ressponse will be strengthened if the response is followed by a satisfying consequence and weakened if the response follows discomfort |
| Lawrence Kohlberg | moral development |
| Wolfgang Kohler | believed that the sudden realization of the realationship between elements in a problem situation makes the solution apparent |
| Howard Gardner | developed the 9 multiple intelligence states |
| Ed Zigler | is credited with being the Father of Head Start-Sterling Professor at Yale University |
| Frederick Herzberg | is credited with the Motivation/Hygiene Theory |
| Art Combs | Wrote the book "Perceiving, Behaving, Becoming" in 1964 |
Created by:
jamiesparks
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