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Psychology Exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Approach that believes dream analysis can expose some important information about an individual | Psychoanalytic |
| Emphasizes the influence of cultural environment over individuals | Sociocultural |
| Approach above all others that focuses almost exclusively on only observable behaviors | Behaviorist |
| Involves incorporating a combinations of the psychological approaches when evaluating an individual | Eclectic |
| Emphasizes the importance of an individual's self-concept and drive to achieve personal growth as it relates to behavior | Humanistic |
| Emphasizes the importance of early childhood experiences over individual development | Psychoanalytic |
| Examines the role of reinforcements in shaping and conditioning behavior | Behaviorist |
| Emphasizes the role of thought processes in directing behavior and making decisions | Cognitive |
| Emphasizes the influence false perceptions held by an individual can have over behavior | Cognitive |
| Emphasizes the role that genetics plays in behavior | Biological |
| Emphasizes the role of the environment in shaping behaviors | Behaviorist |
| Emphasizes the influence that unconscious forces may have over an individual | Psychoanalytic |
| Pays close attention to physiological conditions such as hormonal imbalances or brain chemicals that may impact behavior | Biological |
| Emphasizes the importance of an individual attempting to satisfy personal needs in explaining behavior | Humanistic |
| Considers individual differences such as gender, race, or appearance that may impact behavior and development | Sociocultural |
| Psychologists whom emphasize the NURTURE influences over behavior are called this | Environmentalists |
| Work in the legal, court, and correctional systems | Forensic Psychologist |
| Psychologists whom emphasize the NATURE influences over behavior are called this | Nativist |
| Help people deal with recognized psychological disorders, diagnosing mental illnesses, and developing treatment plans | Clinical Psychologist |
| Has a medical degree with mental, emotional, or behavior disorders and can prescribe psychoactive drugs to patients | Psychiatrist |
| Develop and present programs to promote mental health in mental health or social welfare agencies | Community Psychologist |
| The NURTURE side of the nature/nurture debate central to psychology emphasizes the role of this in shaping behavior | Environment |
| Perform research to better understand human behavior related to a wide range of psychological issues | Experimental Psychologist |
| The NATURE side of the nature/nurture debate central to psychology emphasizes the role of this in shaping behavior | Heredity |
| Study the physical, emotional, cognitive, and social changes that occur in life | Social Psychologist |
| Having to do with an organisms thinking and understanding | Cognitive |
| Deal with subject related to the learning process, often developing instructional devices | Educational Psychologist |
| Assist people with problems related to everyday life such as relationship issues or anxiety | Counseling Psychologist |
| Study groups and how they influence individual behavior | Social Psychologist |
| Study the effects of drugs and electrical and chemical activities in the nervous system on behavior | Psychobiologist |
| Study psychological issues related to business in order to make the workplace more productive and satisfying for employees | Industrial/Organizational Psychologist |
| Involves whether or not a child will feel capable of directing his/her own learning, master basic academic skills, and acquire the social skills to fin in well with peers | Industry vs Inferiority |
| Demonstrated the importance of a child feeling affection and building an attachment bond with the mother during infancy | Harlow Monkey Studies |
| Changing an existing scheme to fit the characteristics of a new object or experience | Accommodation |
| Involves whether or not a child will feel apable of doing things on his/her own, be willing to try new things, and take on challenges and obstacles | Initiative vs. Guilt |
| The process of learning the rules of behavior of the culture within which an individual will live | Socialization |
| Principle that a given quantity does not change when its appearance is changed | Conservation |
| The tendency for an infant to see himself/herself as the center of the world, and be unable to see things from another individual's perspective | Egocentrism |
| The ability to have ideas about things that cannot be seen visually | Abstract Thought |
| Involves whether or not a child will feel a sense of being able to control himself/herself and situations, and become somewhat independent and self-confident | Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt |
| Used to measure the attachment a young child has to his/her mother | Strange Situation |
| Occurs most frequently at about 10-12 months whenever a child is suddenly separated from his/her mother | Separation Anxiety |
| A mental representation of the world | Schema |
| Concept that an infant/child must be physiologically ready for a task such as toilet training before he/she can master it | Maturntional Readiness |
| Children's play that enables the child to experience different points of view | Role taking |
| Fitting objects or experiences into an already existing scheme | Assimilation |
| Involves whether or not an infant will feel secure in his/her environment, feel secure in relationships, and be comfortable sharing affection with others | Trust vs Mistrust |
| Neurological disease marked by a gradual decline of cognitive functioning resulting in an inability to think, remember, related to others, and care for oneself | Alzheimer's Disease |
| Positive outcome in Erickson's crisis of old age, it is marked by one feeling his/her life has been successful and worthwhile | Integrity |
| Positive outcome in Erikson's crisis of young adulthood, it is marked by one learning to share oneself with another with no fear of losing one's identity in the process | Intimacy |
| Collective term used to describe conditions resulting in a decrease in mental abilities that are experienced by some individuals in later adulthood | Senile Dementia |
| Positive outcome in Erikson's crisis of middle age, it is marked by one finding a purpose in guiding the next generation and feeling productive and satisfied with one's life | Generativity |
| The study of death and dying | Thanatology |
| Negative outcome in Erikson's crisis of middle age, it is marked by one becoming bored and focused upon the monotony and negativity but being unwilling to try new things | Stagnation |
| Negative outcome in Erikson's crisis of old age, it is marked by one feeling his/her life has been lacking in value and feeling as though goals have not been realized | Despair |
| The study of old age | Gerontology |
| Refers to the tendency of elderly people to enjoy life through what others do, such as grandchildren | Vicarious Living |
| Negative outcome in Erikson's crisis of young adulthood, it is marked by an individual coming fixated upon personal concerns to the point of denying oneself of psychological needs such as love and relationships | Isolation |
| Period of inner conflict during which adolescents worry intensely about who they are and what they will do with their lives | Identity Crisis |
| Eating disorder characterized by compulsive overeating followed by self-induced vomiting | Bulimia Nervosa |
| Condition that occurs frequently during adolescence in which the growth or maturation of bodily parts is uneven | Asynchrony |
| First menstrual period for females | Menarche |
| Having a combination or blend of traditionally male and female characteristics | Androgynous |
| According to Erikson, this is what occurs if an adolescent fails to deal successfully with the identity crisis | Role Confusion |
| Strong tendency during adolescence to act in accordance with group norms or customs | Conformity |
| Characterized by the occurrence of sexual maturity | Puberty |
| Explains that an adolescent with a negative sense of self-image will be more likely to experience failures | Self-fulfilling Prophecy |
| Period during which adolescent males achieve first ejaculation | Spermarche |
| Factor that leads adolescents to do things with others that they would not do alone | Peer Pressure |
| Describes how much one likes oneself, and is determined largely by feelings of self-worth, attractiveness, and social competence during adolscence | Self-Esteem |
| Characteristic of adolescence apparent because of the rapid physical and sexual development changes taking place and the emphasis on physical appearance | Self-Consciousness |
| "Sleep attacks" | Narcolepsy |
| Process in which and individual learns to control his/her internal physiological processes with the help of specialized machines | Biofeedback |
| Refers to the reduction of pain reported by patients who have undergone hypnosis | Hypnotic Analgesia |
| Dreaming taking place in which the individual is aware that he/she is experiencing a dream and can often control the dream | Lucid dreaming |
| Sleep activities most commonly occur during stage 4 sleep in children, usually are outgrown, and often are inherited genetically | Sleep walking/talking |
| Occurs when one experiences a prolonged and abnormal inability to obtain adequate sleep | Insomnia |
| Occurs when a subject under hypnosis is able to relive an actual experience they have previously had, experiencing the environment and resulting feelings and emotions the way they were at that time | Age Regression |
| Occurs when an individual is conditioned to forget certain items or events while under hypnosis | Hypnotic Amnesia |
| State of consciousness resulting from a narrowed focus of attention and characterized by heightened suggestibility | Hypnosis |
| Involves the focusing of attention on an image or thought to clear one;s mind of distractions and produce feelings of relaxation and inner peace | Meditation |
| Occurs when an individual can be told to experience events not occurring or to change actual perception into imaginary ones while in an altered state of consciousness | Hypnotic Hallucinations |
| Drug injected into the blood that can produce a powerful state of euphoria, is very addictive, and can result in death if an overdose occurs due to respiratory failure | Heroin |
| Physical and or psychological dependence that can develop on a drug | Addiction |
| Experiences that can take place months after using psychedelic drugs, resulting in frightening hallucinations | Flashbacks |
| Slows down the central nervous system to relax and dull ones' senses and perceptions | Depressants/Sedatives |
| Extremely pleasurable state obtained through the use of certain drugs | Euphoria |
| Prescription drugs that relieve anxiety, reduce tensions, RELAX the muscles, and induce sleep that may be used when one is suffering from excessive emotional stress | Tranquilizers |
| Most potent hallucinogen, it can produce drastic distortions of perception and thought | LSD |
| Examples include ecstasy, which relaxes and gives on a feeling of happiness and intensifies one's sense of touch, and date reap drugs such as GHB | Designer Drugs |
| Speed up the central nervous system resulting in increased arousal and alertness | Stimulants |
| Perceptions that have no external cause, such as seeing or hearing things that do not exist | Hallucinations |
| Drug that typically give one feelings of happiness, confidence, and power, but can be very psychologically and physically addictive and places the user at risk of hear attack and heart failure | Cocaine |
| Drugs that can alter one's mood, perceptions, and even concept of reality | Hallucinogens |
| Drugs used primarily for pain reduction that can be highly physically and psychologically addictive | Opiates/Narcotics |
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jdbennett1096
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