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Cardiovascular 1
Autonomic Nervous System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cholinergic receptors | Acetylcholine Muscarinic Nicotinic |
| Muscarinic | located on parasympathetic postganglionic synapses and the sympathetic postganglionic synapses in sweat glands |
| nicotinic | located on presynaptic ganglia of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system |
| Adrenergic receptors | Alpha Beta Dopamine |
| Direct Acting Cholinergic | Carbachol and Pilocarpine Bethanecol Nictoine a lot of side effects |
| Carbachol (Isopto Carbachol) | Nicotinic and mucarinic Opthalmic agent, resistant to cholinesterase treats glaucoma- reduce intraocular pressure by pupillary constriction and ciliary muscle activation |
| Bethanecol (Urecholine) | mostly muscarinic increases GI and urinary tract tone relaxes sphincters. atonic pts orally or subcutaneously can be given systemically and longer lasting |
| Nicotine (Nicorette) | replacement for smoking cessation drug of abuse |
| Cholinesterase Inhibitors | Neostigmine Pyridostigmine Edrophonium Physostigmine Donepezil Galantamine rivastigmine |
| Neostigmine (Prostigmin) | nicotinic and muscarinic partial neuromuscular nicotinic receptor agonist* anesthesiology |
| Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) | muscarinic and nicotinic reversal of neuromuscular blockade after general anesthesia |
| Edrophonium (Tensilon) | muscarinic and nicotinic reversal of neuromuscular blockade after general anesthesia |
| Physostigmine | muscarinic and nicotinic reversal of anticholinergic induced toxicity |
| Donepezil (Aricept) | Help decrease the the symptoms of Alzheimers and delay memory loss |
| Galantamine (Reminyl) | Help decrease the the symptoms of Alzheimers and delay memory loss |
| Rivastigmine (Exelon) | Help decrease the the symptoms of Alzheimers and delay memory loss |
| Anticholinergic Agents- Muscarinic Blockers | Benztropine Scopolamine Atropine Dicyclomine Glycopyrrolate Oxybutinin Tolterodine Ipratropium |
| Benztropine (Cogentin) | reduce tremor, muscle rigidity, used in treating psychosis |
| Scopolamine | motion sickness, vertigo |
| Atropine** | inhibits accommodation and causes pupillary dilation- glaucoma Resuscitation for symptomatic bradycardia |
| Dicyclomine (Bentyl) | slows peristalsis, decrease hypermotility treating IBS |
| Glycopyrrolate (Robinul) | reduce secretions and decrease salivation |
| Oxybutinin (Ditropan) | GU- decreases bladder tonicity, urge incontinence, bladder spasm |
| Tolterodine (Detrol) | GU- decreases bladder tonicity, urge incontinence, bladder spasm |
| Ipratropium (Atrovent) | reverse bronchospasm in asthmatics |
| Anticholinergic agents- Nicotinic blockers | Succinylcholine Tubocurarine Vecuronium |
| Succinylcholine (Anectine) | depolarizing agents- bind and activate but dont dissociate. no muscle contraction, paralysis |
| Tubocurarine | non-depolarizing agents- block the receptor without activating it. flaccid paralysis |
| Vecuronium (Norcuron) | most commonly used for flaccid paralysis. takes a few minutes |
| Alpha 1 agonists | phenylephrine oxymetazoline found on vascular and smooth muscle Midodrine |
| Phenylephrine (Neo-synephrine) | nasal decongestant, systemic vasoconstrictor |
| Oxymetazoline (Afrin) | nasal decongestant |
| Midodrine (ProAmatine) | systemic vasoconstrictor used to treat orthostatic hypotension |
| Alpha 2 Agonists | Clonidine Methyldopa Tizanidine Brimonidine on presynaptic terminal |
| Clonidine (Catapres) | antihypertensive- decrease release of neurotransmitter |
| Methyldopa (Aldomet) | antihypertensive- decrease release of neurotransmitter |
| Tizanidine (Zanaflex) | decrease muscle tone to treat spasticity |
| Brimonidine (Alphagan) | decreases intraocular pressure by decreasing vitreous production for glaucoma |
| Alpha Blockers (Alpha 1) | Doxazosin Phentolamine Terazosin Tamsulosin |
| Doxazosin (Cardura) | mild anti hypertensive. vasodilate |
| Phentolamine (Regitine) | potent alpha blocker used prior to surgery of pheochomocytoma. vasodilator. IV |
| Terazosin (Hytrin) | ureteral dilation for prostate. BPH and Kidney stone |
| Tamsulosin (Flomax) | ureteral dilation. BPH and Kidney stone |
| Nonspecific Adrenergic agonists | Epinephrine Norepinephrine Amphetamine |
| Epinephrine (Adrenaline) | stimulates all receptors vasoconstrictive for anaphylaxis (alpha) Bronchodilatory (beta 2) Cardiostmulatory (beta 1) vasoconstriction and cardiac stim for cardiac arrest added to local anesthetics for decreased bleeding and prolonged effect |
| Norepinephrine (Levophed) | used in treating shock* stimulates alpha1 and 2 Mostly Beta 1 |
| Amphetamine | indirect sympathomimetic amplifys norepinephrine* penetreates CNS better than catecholamines causes euphoria, insomnia, and increased alertness- effects at NE and dopamine synapses |
| Beta 1 agonists | dopamine dobutamine |
| Dopamine (Intropin) | treat shock or to increase cardiac output IV inotropic agents |
| Dobutamine (Dobutrex) | treat shock or to increase cardiac output IV inotropic agents |
| Beta 2 Agonists | Albuterol Salmeterol Terbutaline |
| Albuterol (Proventil) | bronchodilation inhaled but available oral or parenteral |
| Salmeterol (Serevent) | bronchodilation inhaled but available oral or parenteral |
| Terbutaline (Brethine) | prevents premature labor- uterine relaxations adverse effects of cardiovascular stim |
| Beta 1 selective Blockers | Metoprolol Atenolol |
| Metoprolol (Lopressor) | used for cardiac disease, HTN, CHF in pts with underlying asthma or COPD |
| Atenolol (Tenormin) | used for cardiac disease, HTN, CHF in pts with underlying asthma or COPD |
| Nonselective Blockers | Propranolol Nadolol |
| Propranolol (Inderal) | more lipid soluble, penetrate CNS better than selective agents adverse: depression |
| Nadolol (Corgard) | more lipid soluble, penetrate CNS better than selective agents adverse: depression |
| Alpha and Beta Blockers | Labetalol Carvedilol |
| Labetalol (Normodyne) | useful in CHF |
| Carvedilol (Coreg) | useful in CHF |
Created by:
Kbailey1
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