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Chemistry I
Midterm : StudyGuide & Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the difference between Accuracy and precision? | Accuracy is how close to the a accepted value a measurement is. Precision is the repeated agreement of the data being gathered. |
| What is the formula for density? | Density equals mass over volume. |
| What are the standard SI units for mass, length, Temperature, time and amount? | Mass-kilogram length-meter temperature-kelvin time-per second amount-mole |
| what are The metric prefixes? | kilo (1000)/ Hecto (100)/ Deca (10)/ Deci (0.1)/ Centi (0.01)/ Milli (0.001)/ Micro (0.000001 |
| How do you explain absolute Zero?? | Absolute Zero is no matter motion. |
| How many significant digits are in this number : 14.379 ? or 0.0478 ? | 5 / 3 |
| What is a heterogeneous mixture? | A Heterogeneous Mixture is a solution that is not uniform in composition |
| What is a homogeneous mixture? | A Homogeneous Mixture is a type of solution that is uniform in composition. |
| What are some characteristics of a chemical change? | Rusting, decomposing (changes of composition) |
| What are some characteristics of a physical changes? Lab Examples? | Freezing, melting, evaporation, and condensation (changes of state) |
| What are the three different states of matter? | Solid, Liquid and Gas |
| What are some Intensive properties? | Density, Color, and Flammability (independent variable) |
| What are some Extensive Properties? | Volume, Melting Point, Length (dependent variable) |
| What is filtration used for? | |
| What is distillation used for? | Distillation is used for separating a solid from a liquid by evaporating the liquid. |
| What are the diatomics? | Hydrogen, Oxygen, nitrogen, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, & Fluorine |
| What is the Atomic Number based on? | the number of protons in an atom |
| What is Atomic Mass comprised of? | it is comprised of both number of protons and number of neutrons |
| What is an atom with a charge called? | an Ion |
| What is an atom that contain the same number of protons but a different amount of neutrons? | An isotope |
| What are Spectral lines a representation of? | they are representation of where wavelengths land on the visible color spectrum |
| What are the different electromagnetic waves in order from smallest to largest? | Radio < Microwave < Infrared < Visible < ultraviolet < X rays < Gamma Rays |
| What does Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle state? | It states that the specific path of an electron cannot be determined. However, we can use quantum mechanics to determine the probability of where the electron might be. |
| What does Pauli's Exclusion Principle state? | It states that each orbital may only hold 2 electrons with opposite spins. |
| What are the four Valence orbitals? What are their specific names? | S-Sphere P-Dumbell D-Clover F- Too complicated a shape for a name |
| What are the four Quantum Numbers? | Principal Quantum Number, Azimuthal/ Angular Momentum Quantum Number (Shape), Magnetic Quantum Number (Orientation), Spin Quantum Number |
| Doberenier (1740) | "Triads" / chemicals with similar properties |
| Newlands (1863) | "Law of Octaves" / elements can be arranged in octaves that certain properties repeat for every eighth element |
| Mendeleev (1869) | Periodic Table / published a periodic table using the repeating properties method and ordered them according to Atomic mass (was able to predict a few elements) |
| Moseley (1930) | arranged atoms according to atomic number / nuclear charge, used x ray diffraction pattern |
| What are the four periodic trends? | Atomic Size, Ionic Size, Ionization Energy, Electron affinity |
Created by:
jennahamilton
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