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Visual Imagery III

Imagery and Memory

QuestionAnswer
What is the concreteness effect? Paivio found that memory was better during the cue test with concrete items.
What did Shepard (1967) and Standing (1973) discover of memory for pictures? Shepard had Ss view 612 photos then complete a recognition test - perfect scores. Standing showed Ss 10K photos over 5 days, then recognition test - 66% correct.
What is the Picture Superiority Effect say? As age increases memory for images increases, but memory for words stays about the same.
Bower & Winzenz (1970) benefit of imagery instructions. Ss learned pairs of nouns either words repeated 3x or shown an interactive image. In the cue task, the imagery group had much better memory.
Describe McDaniel et al (2000) Bizarre Imagery Effect research. Presented Ss with sentences with three nouns; Imagery vs. not and bizarre vs. not. Free recall of nouns showed that imagery is better and bizarreness is better.
Why is imagery better? Distinctive and helps information to stand out.
Imagery mnemonics: imagery with a substitution Name learning: think of a vivid word that sounds like name & link to their appearance. Foreign word learning: Think of a vivid word that sounds similar & link with meaning through imagery.
Imagery mnemonics: Method of Loci Imagine yourself "walking" through the spatial layout as a way to retrieve items.
Imagery mnemonics: Pegword Method Pegwords are used to form a mental image of certain items in order to later remember them. The more bizarre the better!
What aspects allow the Loci and pegword methods to work? Distinctiveness and Organization
Created by: cassidylm34
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