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science exam
Rocks, Plate Techtonics, and Space
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tectonic plates consist of? | both continental and oceanic crust |
| Wegener thought all the continents were once together in one large continent called? | Pangaea |
| New oceanic crust forms as a result of? | sea-floor spreading |
| Evidence of sea-floor spreading has come from? | magnetic mineral on the ocean floor reversing direction |
| Rock | A naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter |
| rock cycle | the continual process by which new rock forms from old rock |
| What kind of new material is formed when metamorphic rock melts | magma |
| What kind of new rock is formed when igneous rock is subjected to weathering, erosion, compaction, and cementation? | Sedimentary rock |
| What kind of new rock is formed when sedimentary rock is subjected to heat and pressure? | Metamorphic rock |
| magma | rocks that are partially or completely melted |
| sediment | Igneous rock at the Earth's surface that is weathered and wears away |
| Igneous rock | magma on the Earth's crust that has risen to the surface and cools and solidifies |
| Sedimentary rock | sediment that washes down into rivers and oceans and is pressed and cemented together |
| metamorphic rock | rock that is forced downward and is exposed to heat and pressure |
| weathering | process in which water, wind, ice, and heat break down rock |
| deposition | when sediment is deposited in bodies of water and other low-lying areas |
| The three basic types of rock can be divided into subcategories based on? | composition and texture |
| composition | the chemical makeup, or mineral content, of a rock |
| The size, shape, and position of the grains that make up a rock determine its? | texture |
| strata | layers of rock |
| stratification | process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers |
| Where does Sedimentary rock form | at or near the earth's surface |
| Metamorphic rock that has mineral crystal aligned in planes or bands are what? | Foliated |
| Igneous rock forms when? | magma cools and hardens |
| intrusive igneous rock | formed from cooling and solidification of magma under the earths surface |
| extrusive igneous rock | rock that forms as a result of volcanic activity at or near the Earth's surface |
| Early human used rocks to make? | tools |
| erosion | process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil & sediment from one location to another |
| breaking and sliding surface between blocks of crust | fault |
| mesosphere | strong, lower part of the mantle |
| convergent boundary | place where two tectonic plates push into one another |
| core | layer of Earth that is made of iron |
| folding | term that describes the bending of rock layers due to stress |
| uplift | rising of regions of Earth's crust |
| divergent boundary | place where two tectonic plates move away from one another |
| plate tectonics | theory that says the lithosphere is divided into plates that ove around on top of the asthenosphere |
| mantle | layer of Earth that has the most mass |
| continental drift | theory that continents move apart from each other |
| tension | type of stress in a stretched rubber band |
| crust | the layer of the earth on which we live |
| transform boundary | place where two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally |
| tectonic plates | pieces of the lithosphere |
| Wegener hypothesized Pangaea broke into two huge continents called what? | Gondwana and Laurasia |
| Which is thicker the oceanic crust or the continental crust | continental crust |
| what happens to the density of the earth as you move towards the core | increases |
| What are the 4 layers of the earth from the surface to the center? | crust, mantle, outer core, inner core |
| What are the 4 layers of the earth from the center to the surface? | inner core, outer core, mantle, crust |
| the core consists mainly of what two elements? | nickel and iron |
| What is the liquid layer of the earth's core called? | outer core |
| earthquake | possible result of plates moving along a transform boundary |
| Astronomy | the study of the universe |
| How long does it take for the earth to complete one orbit around the sun? | 1 year |
| How long does it take for the earth to complete one revolution on its axis? | 1 day |
| How long does it take for the moon to complete one orbit around the earth? | 28 days |
| What is Copernican theory | The sun is the center of the universe |
| What is Pteolemy theory | The earth is the center of the universe |
| What did Brahe do? | made detailed computations and recordings of planets |
| What did Kepler do? | determined how planets rotated around the sun |
| Why is astronomy such an old science? | humans have been studying and worshipping the stars for thousands of years |
| What advantage did Galileo have over earlier astronomers? | He was the first to use a telescope |
| What is reflection? | When light is made to change direction with the use of mirrors |
| Angle of incidence | angle at which light hits the mirror |
| Angle of reflection | angle at which light leaves the mirror |
| What did Newton do? | showed objects in the universe attract each other through gravitational force. His law of gravity explained why all of the planets orbit the most massive object in the solar system-the sun. |
| What did Hubble do? | Proved other galaxies existed beyond the Milky Way |
| Refracting telescopes | uses lenses to gather and focus light. |
| What are the disadvantages of Refracting telescopes? | images can not be perfectly focused and size of the telescope is limited by the size of the objective lense |
| Reflecting telescopes | uses a curved mirror to gather and focus light |
| What are the advantages of a Reflecting telescope? | the mirrors can be large which allows more light to be gathered and mirrors are polished on their curved side so light does not enter the glass and the mirrors can focus all colors of light to the same focal point. |
| telescope | an instrument that collects electromagnetic radiation from the sky and concentrates it for better observation |
| electromagnetic spectrum | all of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation |
| constellations | sections of the sky that contain recognizable star patterns and that is used to describe the location of objects in space |
| zenith | point in the sky directly above an observer on earth |
| altitude | angle between an object in the sky and the horizon |
| horizon | line where the sky and the Earth appear to meet |
| light year | a unit of length equal to the distance light travels in 1 year |
Created by:
jpkelley1
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