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Psychology Final
first semester psychology final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Foot in the Door Effect | Tendency for people to comply with a large request after they agreed to smaller requests. |
| Group think | Desire for "harmony" or need for solution overrides realistic approach to alternatives or finding the best situation |
| Social thinking | People can change their environment or create new ones |
| Secure Attachment | Infants are very bonded to their caregivers |
| Insecure Attachment | When caregivers are irresponsible or unreliable |
| Sensorimoter Stage | Begin to understand that there is a relationship between physical movements and the results they sense and perceive. |
| Preoperational Stage | When children begin using words and symbols to represent objects |
| Concrete Operational Stage | Begin to show signs of adult thinking |
| Nature | Personality traits and personality are primarily determined by their biological makeup |
| Nurture | The environment we live in and our every day experiences determine how we behave and think |
| Frontal Lobe | Includes areas concerned with behavior, learning, personality, and voluntary movement. |
| Olfactory Nerve | Nerve that transmits information about odors from olfactory receptors to the brain |
| Implicit Memories | Remembering something without being aware you are remembering it |
| Explicit Memories | Memory of a specific event |
| Encoding | Translation of information into a form that can be stored in memory |
| Storage | The maintenence of encoded information over time |
| Retrieval | Process of recalling information from memory storage |
| Sensory Memory | Immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the memory system |
| Short Term Memory | Memory that holds information briefly before it is stored or forgotten |
| Research Process | Consists of 5 steps: forming a question, forming hypothesis, analyzing results, and drawing conclusions |
| Lab Observation | Study of behavior in a controlled situation |
| Fixed Ratio | Reinforcement is provided after a fixed number of correct responses have been made |
| Variable Ratio | Reinforcement can come at any time |
| Fixed Interval | Fixed amount of time- elapse between reinforcements |
| Variable Interval | Varying amounts of time go by between reinforcements |
| Punishment | Person gets in trouble learns not to do it |
| Gestalt | Based on the idea that perceptions are more than the sums of their parts |
| Social Psychologists | Concerned with people's behavior in a social situation |
| Industrial Psychologists | Focus on people and work |
| Organizational Psychologists | Study behavior of people in organizations |
| Forensic Psychologists | Work with the criminal justice system |
| Sigmund Freud | Developed components of personality. |
| Ivan Pavlov | Believed learning things based on association with something that causes an automatic response |
| Gate theory of pain | Suggestion that only a certain amount of information can be processed by the nervous system at a given time |
| Size Constancy | Tendency to percieve an object as being of one size no matter how far away it is |
| Depth Perception | Depth means distance away. Perceive depth of objects through both monocular and binocular cues |
| Cone Receptors | The 6 to 7 million cones provide the eye's color sensitivity |
| Blind Spot | Part of the retina that contains no photoreceptors |
| Bottom- Up Processing | Analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brains integration of sensory information |
| Top- Down Processing | Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing from our experiences and expectation |
| Corpus Collosum | Nerve fibers that connect the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex |
| Parasympathetic NS | Conserves energy, decreases heart rate, lowers blood sugar, and constricts the allergies |
| Sympathetic NS | Alerts defensive action, cool body with perspiration, and accelerate heart beat. |
| Dopamine | Neurotransmitter involved primarily in motor behavior |
| Serotinin | Compound present in blood platelets and serum that constricts blood vessels and acts as a neurotransmitter |
| Endorphin | Any group of hormones secreted within the brain and NS and having a number of functions |
| Hindbrain | Medulla- Involved in vital functions |
| Hind Brain | Pons- Involved in regulating body movement,attention, and sleep |
| Hind Brain | Cerebellum- Involved in balance and coordination |
| Mid Brain | Are involved in vision and hearing |
| Fore Brain | Thalamus- serves as a relay station for sensory information |
| Fore Brain | Hypothalamus- Involved in many aspects of behavior and psychological functions |
| Cerebrum | Makes up a large part of the brain |
| Axons | Long tubelike structures attached to a neuron that transmits impulses away from cell body |
| Dendrites | Branchlike extensions of a neuron that receives impulses and conduct them toward the cell body |
| Defense Mechanisms | Psychological distortions used to remain psychologically stable or in balance |
| Gestalt Growing Principals | When given a cluster of information our brain organizes them into a gestalt forming "form" or "whole" |
| Sensory Neurons | Send information from sensory receptors TOWARD the CNS |
| Motor Neurons | Send information AWAY from CNS to muscles or glands |
| Inter Neuron | Send information between sensory neurons and motor neurons, most located in CNS |
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tatummilo333
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