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Radiology Final
Radiology Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| enamel and dentin is.. (radiolucent/radiopaque?) | radiopaque |
| pulp space and root canal is... (radiolucent/radiopaque?) | radiolucent |
| radiolucent is... | dark |
| radiopaque is... | white/bright |
| enamel is how much % mineral | 90% |
| dentin is how much % mineral | 70% |
| periodontal ligament | surrounds root structure |
| Cementum is how much % mineral? | 50% won't be able to see on the X-rays |
| lamina dura | radiopaque line that surrounds the root structure |
| alveolar crest | cortical borders of the alveolar bone between teeth most commonly seen on bitewings |
| Periodontal ligament space | radiolucent line surrounding the tooth structure |
| cancellous or trabecular bone | maxilla is smaller than mandibular bony structure that looks like plates |
| cortical plates | outside of buccal or lingual, inside is cancellous bone radiopaque thickness of the structure |
| intermaxillary suture or median suture | curving radiolucency in the midline of the maxillary between the two centrals, separation between r/l maxilla |
| anterior nasal spine | radiopaque diamond shaped, superior to maxillary fossa |
| nasal cavity, nasal fossa | two elliptical radiolucencies superior to anterior teeth NOT MAXILLARY SINUS |
| Nasal Septum | radiopaque band that separates the right nasal fossa and left nasal fossa |
| Incisive Foramen Nasopalatine foramen anterior palatine foramen | radiolucent heart shaped between the two centrals |
| lateral fossa incisive fossa | bony depression on facial side of maxilla |
| soft tissue of nose | shadow of the nose radiopaque |
| Naris | opening of the nasal fossa, two elliptical areas |
| maxillary sinus location | premolar and molar area, posterior region radiolucent area |
| wall of maxillary sinus | radiopaque line of nasal sinus |
| maxillary tuberosity | most distal to last erupted surfaces radiopaque area |
| zygomatic process | U shaped radiopaque area in maxilla |
| genial tubercles | Bony structure on the lingual side on mandible mandibular anterior projection radiopaque circle |
| lingual foramen | radiolucent structure inide the genial tubercle dot mandibular anterior projection |
| mental ridge | radiopaque band chin projected on anterior mandibular region |
| mental fossa | less radiopaque, bony depression on facial side |
| mental foramen | between first premolar and send premolar apex radiolucent below the first molar will be able to see on a panoramic |
| mandibular foramen | can't see on periapical |
| walls of inferior alveolar canal (radiopaque/radiolucent) | radiopaque |
| mandibular canal (radiopaque/radiolucent) | radiolucent |
| nutrient canal | thin vertical radiolucent line between teeth |
| submandibular fossa | below the molar area on mandibular radiolucent |
| mylohyoid ridge internal oblique ridge location | lingual side, superimposed over submandibular gland |
| external oblique ridge location | facial side disappears around the first molar area, downward slope, continuation of ramus |
| coronoid process | mandibular structure projected on maxillary molar projection triangle radiopaque area |
| what is the most important radiograph to take for detect caries? | bitewings |
| where are the most common location for inter proximal caries? | between two adjacent surfaces |
| incipient interproximal caries | less than halfway through enamel |
| moderate interproximal caries | more than halfway through enamel |
| advanced inter proximal caries | less than halfway through dentin |
| severe interproximal caries | more than halfway through dentin |
| occlusal caries definition | involves the chewing surface of the posterior teeth |
| what does a moderate occlusal caries look like? | very thin radiolucent line |
| what does a severe occlusal caries look like | large cavity |
| root surface caries definition | below the CEJ, recession or bone loss |
| what % deminieralized change is required for a lesion to be radiographically detectable? | 30-40% |
| what causes overlapping with bitewings | horizonal beam angulation |
| radiographs will show ____ bone destruction than actually exists | less |
| what are the most accurate images to assess alveolar bone loss adjacent to posterior teeth? | bitewings |
| what are the most accurate images for anterior teeth in alveolar bone loss? | periapicals and bitewings |
| when are vertical bitewings done? | advanced alveolar bone loss |
| what does gingivitis look like on radiographs? | typically no or minimal radiographic changes soft tissue infection so doesn't effect the bone |
| what does a mild periodontitis look like on radiographs? | shape of alveolus is no longer tall, skinny and pointed bone level begins to drop |
| what does moderate periodontitis look like on radiographs? | fret of the alveolus is blunted a little bit, bone level moves apically progresses down the root of the tooth, widening of PDL |
| what is horizontal bone loss? | earliest type of bone loss, line is straight |
| what is vertical bone loss? | angular defect, local irritating factor that causes the bone to have more advanced bone loss, more progressive disease |
| 3 wall bony pocket | can see trabecular pattern from the buccal and lingual walls |
| 1 wall bony pocket | buccal and lingual are gone, no trabecular pattern just darkness |
| what does severe periodontitis look like on radiographs? | furcations are exposed crest of alveolar bone is ragged and jagged |
| what is hyperdontia? | too many teeth |
| what is mesiodens? | extra teeth between 8 and 9 |
| what is paramolar | extra teeth adjacent to the molar |
| what is distodens? | extra teeth behind the molar |
| what are the syndromes associated with supernumerary teeth? | cleidocranial dysplasia Gardner syndrome |
| what is hypodontia | not enough teeth, missing teeth |
| what is oligodontia? | some of the teeth missing |
| what is anodontia | no teeth present at all |
| what are the most common missing teeth? | 3rd molars, 2nd premolars --> congenitally missing maxillary laterals, mandibular centrals |
| what is ectodermal dysplasia? | remaining teeth are misshaped |
| what do we consider a cyst? | greater than 3 mm |
| what is a macrodontia? | large tooth |
| what is a microdontia? | small tooth |
| what causes generalized macrodontia or microdontia? | pituitary giantism or dwarfism |
| what is transposition? | teeth that get out of order |
| what is the most common tooth to see transposition on? | permanent canine and 1st premolar |
| what is the least common tooth to see transposition on? | centrals and laterals no reports of deciduous dentition |
| what is syndontia? | fusion, teeth germs combine two recognizable teeth that are joined by dentin and enamel end up with one tooth less when you count |
| what it concrescence | roots of two or more teeth united by only cementum |
| what is gemination or twinning? | bud of a single tooth attempts to divide partial division or complete division when you count, have the regular number of teeth |
| what is taurodontism | pump chamber is dramatically enlarged vertically single or multiple teeth can be involved no treatment, just alter endodontics |
| what is dilaceration? | sharp bend or curve in root possibly result of mechanical trauma to partially formed root |
| where is dilaceration most common in? | maxillary premolars |
| what is dens in dente or dens invaginatus? | tooth folds in on itself significant depression on lingual surface |
| where is dens in dente most common in? | maxillary laterals |
| where is dens in dente least common? | maxillary centrals, canines, premolars |
| what is dens evaginatus? | pulp horns extends into evagination tooth with extra cusp and pulp horn inside exlusive occurrence in down syndrome |
| where is dens evaginatus most commonly found in teeth? | premolar or molar |
| what is amelogenesis imperfecta? | defect in enamel of teeth teeth is discolored yellow |
| what is dentiogenesis imperfecta? | defect in dentin of teeth squeezes appearance of teeth |
| what is type I dentiogenesis imperfecta? | associated with osteogenesis imperfects, systemic disease dentin and bone haver imperfection |
| what is type II dentiogenesis imperfecta? | not associated with skeletal defects |
| what is dentin dysplasia? | teeth discolored yellowish to brown |
| what is dentin dysplasia type I? | radicular root portion, looks like rootless teeth because of resorption of roots roots are small, no pulp space |
| what is dentin dysplasia type II? | coronal, flame shaped pulp chambers become thistle shaped |
| what is regional odotondysplasia | ghost teeth, cronal portion of the tooth and root look shadowy and are not mineralized correctly, have to remove them |
| where does regional odotondysplasia happen most? | maxillary centrals, laterals, canines |
| what are enamel pearls? | enamel drops, nodules or enamelomas down along gingiva |
| where are enamel pearls found most? | maxillary or mandibular molars |
| what is a talon cusp? | enlargement or hyperplasia of cingulum makes a T shape when viewed from incisal aspect |
| where do the talon cusps typically occur? | primary and permanent incisors |
| what is turner hypoplasia? | turner tooth, deciduous tooth becomes infected and permanent tooth effected while erupting enamel is modeled and irregular |
| where is turner's teeth most common? | mandibular premolars |
| what does congenital syphilis look like in the mouth? | hitchinson's incisors- notches in in sisal edge mulberry molars- extra cusps in molars |
| what is attrition? | physiologic wearing away of the dentition from occlusal contracts between teeth during chewing teeth look flat from wear |
| what is abrasion? | non physiologic wearing away of the dentition by contact with foreign substances toothbrushes, dental floss abrasion |
| what is erosion? | wearing away of the dentition by chemical action not involving bacteria |
| what is perimylolysis? | erosion of the tooth structure on the lingual side of the teeth |
| what is secondary dentin? | probable result of trauma or aging |
| what is tertiary dentin? | aging only |
| what is hypercementiosis? | excessive deposition of cementum on roots |
| what disease is associated with hypercementosis? | pagents disease |
| how should you interpret a radiograph? | Examine periapicals before bitewings examine the bone first, second examine the alveolar process, third view the teeth and associated structures |
| how should radiographs be viewed? | ambient or subdued light viewing, mounted radiographs, view box accommodate size of film, comfortable seated position, variable intensity view box or light |
| step 1 principles of interpretation | localize the abnormality generalized or localized |
| step 2 principles of interpretation | assess periphery and shape well defined or ill defined |
| step 3 principles of interpretation | analyze the internal structure radiopaque or radiolucent |
| step 4 principles of interpretation | analyze the effects of the lesion on the surrounding tissues |
| step 5 principles of interpretation | formulate a radiograph interpretation |
| step 5 decision 1 | normal vs abnormal |
| step 5 decision 2 | developmental vs acquired |
| step 5 decision 3 | classification |
| step 5 decision 4 | way to proceed |
| what is odontoma compound? | looks like a tooth two "o"s in compound, if a tooth is found it must be compound |
| what is odontoma complex? | nondescript mass |
| what is osteosclerosis | no apparent reason for bone formation |
| what is condensing osteitis? | pulpal/periodontal inflammation leads to increased bone deposition |
| what does pericoronitis look like? | flame shaped inflammation around the crown of the erupted tooth radiolucent |
| what is a cyst? | fluid filled cavity epithelium lined, radiolucent |
| what does the traumatic bone cyst look like? | scallops between the roots of the teeth |
| what is the ill defined cyst like lesions? | osteomyelitis |
| what does the nasopalatine duct cyst look like? | heart shaped |
| where is the submandibular gland depression found? | well defined area below mandibular canal |
| what do multilocular lesions look like? | soap bubbles |
| what does benign mean? | slow growth, tend to be round or oval shape, displace tissues, resorbs root surfaces |
| what does malignant mean? | rapid growth, ill defined border, destroy supporting bone, may resorb root surface |
| direct effect has what percent on atoms | 1/3 of biological effect |
| indirect effect has what percent on atoms? | 2/3 of biological effect |
| when direct energy is deposited what two effects can take place? | excitation or ionization |
| how much water does the body contain? | 80% water |
| what is the indirect radiation based upon | radiolysis of water |
| when does mucositis being? | 2 weeks of treatment |
| what happens during prodromal period? | gi disturbances |
Created by:
Chobchi
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