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Viruses
important human viruses and their properties
| Virus | Clinical Importance | Group |
|---|---|---|
| Variola | smallpox virus, produces systemic infection with characteristic vesicular rash affeacting face, arms and legs, has a high mortality rate | DNA Viruses poxviruses |
| Vaccinia | derived from cowpox virus, immunize against smallpox | DNA Viruses poxviruses |
| Adenovirus | cause URT infections, produce latent infections in tonsil and adenoids, produce tumors on inj into hamsters, rats or mice | DNA Viruses adenoviruses |
| Herpes simplex virus (HSV1 and HSV2) | HSV1 infects oral membranes HSV2 is responsible for recurrent genital herpes | DNA Viruses herpesviruses |
| Varicella zoster virus (VZV) | causes chickenpox in children, shingles in elderly | DNA Viruses herpesviruses |
| Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | a subclinical infection, causes severe disease in immunocompromised patients, can induce serious congenital abnormalities in the fetus | DNA Viruses herpesviruses |
| Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) | infection by salivary exchange, asmyptomatic, persists in latent form in lymphocytes, results glandular fever, malignant facial tumors (Burkitt's lymphoma) in children | DNA Viruses herpesviruses |
| Hepatitis B virus (HBV) | infection in children by prenatal transmission, contaminated blood or sexual transmission, can progress liver cancer | DNA Viruses hepatitis viruses |
| Papilloma virus | multiply in epithelial cells of skin and mucous membranes causing warts, associated with cervical carcinoma | DNA Viruses papovaviruses |
| Mumps virus | swelling of parotid and submaxillary salivary glands, has neurological complications | RNA Viruses paramyxoviruses |
| Measles virus | common childhood fever | RNA Viruses paramyxoviruses |
| Rabies virus | has very wide host range, can cause fatal encephalitis | RNA Viruses rhabdoviruses |
| Rotavirus | causes gastroenteritis, spread through poor water supplies and low general hygiene | RNA Viruses reoviruses |
| Poliovirus | multiplies in lymphoid tissue of alimentary tract | RNA Viruses picornaviruses |
| Rhinoviruses | common cold virus, shed in watery nasal secretions | RNA Viruses picornaviruses |
| Hepatitis A virus (HAV) | responsible for infectious hepatitis, spread by oral-faecal route | RNA Viruses picornaviruses |
| Rubella | causes german measles in children, can induce severe multiple congenital abnormalities | RNA Viruses togaviruses |
| Yellow fever virus | spread by mosquito bites, with liver as main target, necrosis of hepatocytes leads to jaundice and fever | RNA Viruses flaviviruses |
| Hepatitis C virus (HCV) | spread through blood transfusions and blood products | RNA Viruses flaviviruses |
| Ebola virus | widespread in monkeys, spread through body fluids, results in hemorrhagic fever | RNA Viruses filoviruses |
| Human T-cell leukaemia virus (HTLV-1) | spread in infected lymphocytes in blood, semen or breast milk | RNA Viruses retroviruses |
| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | transmitted via blood or genital secretions, induces immunodeficiency | RNA Viruses retroviruses |
| Hepatitis D virus (HDV) | exacerbates pathogenic effects of HBV producing severe hepatitis | RNA Viruses hepatitis viruses |
| Influenza virus | capable of extensive antigenic variation, causes pandemics of influenza, multiplies in cells lining URT, symptoms caused by absorption of toxic breakdown products | RNA Viruses myxoviruses |
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purple_amethyst
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