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Science Final Exam
Final Exam Study Guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | a small particle that makes up most types of matter on Earth |
| Atomic Mass | Weighted average mass of an element |
| Atomic Number | tells you the number of protons in the nucleus of an element |
| Compound | a pure substance whose smallest unit is made up of atoms of more then on element |
| Electron | negatively charged subatomic particle |
| Element | matter made up of only one kind of atom |
| Isotopes | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
| Law of Conservation of Matter | states that matter is neither created nor destroyed only, properties throughout |
| Mass Number | the sum of an elements protons and neutrons |
| Matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Metals | elements that generally have a shiny or metallic luster |
| Metalloids | elements that have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals |
| Mixtures | formed when two or more substances come together but don't combine to make a new subtance |
| Neutron | uncharged particles in the nucleus of an atom |
| Nonmetals | elements that are usually dull in appearance and poor conductors if heat and electricity |
| Nucleus | positively charged center part of an atom |
| Proton | positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom |
| Subtance | a sample of matter that has the same composition and properties throughout |
| Freezing Point | the temperature at which attractive forces begin to trap particles here and there, and crystals begin to form |
| Evaperation | the process by which individual particles of liquid escape from the surface and form a gas |
| Pressure | the amount of force applied per unit of area |
| Buoyant Force | the upward force of displaced fluid causing flotation |
| State of Matter | tells you weather a material is a solid, liquid or gas |
| Vaperization | when a liquid changes to a gas |
| Condensation | the process by which particles move slowly enough for their attraction to bring them together to form a droplet of liquid |
| Melting Point | the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid |
| Density | the term referring to mass divided by volume |
| Pascals Principle | the term referring to the pressure applied at any point to a confined fluid being transmitted unchanged throughout the fluid |
| Energy | the ability to do work or cause change |
| Heat | thermal energy that flows from higher temperature to lower temperature |
| Arhimedes Principle | When an object is placed in a fluid, that object weighs less by an amount equal to the weight of the displaced fluid. |
| Thermal Energy | the kinetic energy and potential energy of the particles of a substance |
| Boiling Point | temperature where some of a liquid begins to enter the gaseous state |
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