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Psych final 1 part 1
first part of semester 1 final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| structuralism person | Tichener |
| functionalism person | James |
| dualism | mind is separate from the body |
| monism | mind and the body are together |
| Wundt experiment name | Atoms of the mind |
| neuroscience perspective | biological |
| evolutionary perspective | survival of humans, the past |
| behavior genetics perspective | genetics and environment |
| psychodynamic perspective | feelings and drives |
| behavioral perspective | learn by observation |
| cognitive perspective | mental processes |
| social-cultural perspective | society |
| hindsight bias | I knew it all along |
| overconfidence | we think we know more than we do |
| 3 descriptive research types | case study, survey, naturalistic observations |
| case study | studying 1 group or person |
| survey | reports attitudes and opinions of people |
| naturalistic observations | observation without interference |
| correlation | relationship between two variables |
| experiments show | cause and effect |
| 3 types of central tendencies | mean, median, mode |
| 2 types of variation | range, standard variation |
| sensory neurons | carry incoming information |
| motor neurons | carry outgoing information |
| interneurons | switch between sensory and motor neurons- central nervous system |
| dendrite | branching extension of a neuron that recieves messages |
| axons | extension of a neuron where messages flow down |
| myelin sheath | fatty tissue that increaeses neuron speeds |
| 1 resting poetential | ready to go |
| 2 dendrites | recieve messages |
| 3 deploarization | switch from negative to positive charge |
| 4 threshold | firing point |
| 5 action potential | firing of a neural impulse |
| 6 release of neurotransmitters | result from action potential |
| 7 hyperpolarization | recharging of a neuron |
| 8 reuptake | vaccuming up of extra neurotransmitters |
| synapse | gap between axon trip and dendrites |
| agonist | mimics |
| antagonist | blocks |
| AcH | movement and memory |
| Dopamine | thinking and emotion |
| Serotonin | mood and hunger |
| GABA | inhibits or slows down |
| Glutamate | excitatory or speeds up |
| Norepinephrine | adrenaline or fight/flight |
| endorphins | kills pain |
| dopamine + | schizophrenia |
| dopamine - | parkinson's disease |
| serotonin - | depression |
| central nervous system | brain and spinal cord |
| peripheral nervous system | rest of the body |
| autonomic | automatic |
| somatic | voluntary |
| sympathetic | excites |
| parasympathetic | calms |
| CT scan | x-ray photographs |
| PET scan | shows brain activity from radioactive glucose |
| MRI scan | shows brain anatomy |
| fMRI scan | shows blood flow and brain activity |
| brainstem | connects the brain and spinal cord |
| medulla | breathing and heart beat |
| reticular formation | arousal and body systems |
| pons | sleep and dreams |
| cerebellum | balance and movement |
| limbic system | central brain |
| thalamus | sensory switchboard |
| amygdala | primal emotions |
| hypothalamus | regulate body systems |
| hippocampus | memory formation and storage |
| left hemisphere | analytical and verbal |
| right hemisphere | visual and creative |
| corpus callosum | connects the two hemispheres |
| motor cortex | controls voluntary movements |
| sensory cortex | processes body touch and movement sensations |
| Broca's area | physical part of speech |
| Wernicke's area | understanding language |
| aphasia | damage and impairment of language |
| angular gyrus | processing written language |
| thyroid gland | metabolism and growth |
| adrenal gland | adrenaline |
| testes | male, testosterone |
| ovaries | female, estrogen |
| pancreas | insulin |
| pituitary gland | controls the endocrine system |
| frontal lobe | personality and judgement |
| parital lobe | touch and body position |
| occipital lobe | visual |
| temporal lobe | auditory |
| segments of DNA (metaphor) | words |
| chromosomes (metaphor) | pages |
| DNA (metaphor) | Books |
| genome (metaphor) | library |
| norms | expectations |
| bottom-up processing | piecing together information |
| top-down processing | higher level mental processes; short cuts |
| absolute threshold | minimum simulation to detect a stimulus |
| difference threshold | just noticeable difference between two stimuli |
| jnd | just noticeable difference |
| Weber's law | two stimuli must differ by a constant percentage |
| signal-detection theory | brain doesn't pay attention to background |
| subliminal | below threshold |
| transduction | converting energy into neural impulses |
| light wavelength = | hue, color |
| fast light wavelength color | blue |
| slow light wavelength color | red |
| light amplitude = | brightness |
| cornea (1) | membrane that covers the eye |
| iris (2) | muscle tissue that controls the size of the pupil opening |
| pupil (3) | adjustable opening in the eye |
| lens (4) | changes shape to help focus the light |
| accomidation | where the lens changes shape to focus |
| retina (5) | inner-surface of the eye containing rods and cones |
| fovea (6) | central focal point in the retina, by the cones |
| blind spot | where the optic nerve leaves the eye |
| optic nerve | carries neural impulses to the brain |
| rods | black, white, and gray- dim light |
| cones | bright light- colors |
| feature detectors | respond to specific features of stimulus |
| parallel processing | processing many aspects simultaneously |
| acuity | sharpness of vision |
| Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory | cones see red, green, or blue- mixes |
| opponent process theory | red & green, blue & yellow, black & white |
| color constancy | color remains the same even with light changes |
| audition | act of hearing |
| sound wavelength = | pitch |
| sound amplitude = | volume |
| auditory canal (1) | funnels soundwaves |
| eardrum | vibrates when struck by sound |
| hammer, anvil, and stirrup | concentrates the vibrations |
| oval window | entrance to the cochlea |
| cochlea | coiled tube where sound waves trigger nerve impulses |
| basilar membrane | membrance with hairs that vibrate |
| auditory nerve | sends the message to the brain |
| place theory | links pitch with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated |
| frequency theory | hairs match and vibrate at the same frequency |
| conductive hearing loss | damage to an ear part |
| sensory neural hearing loss | damage to a hair in the cochlea's membrane |
| types of touch | pressure and temperature |
| gate control theory | spinal cord contains gates that blocks or allows pain signals |
| taste fancy name | gastation |
| types of taste | sweet, salty, bitter, sour, umammi |
| sensory interaction | smell and taste |
| smell fancy name | olfaction |
| kinesthesis | movement |
| vestibular | balance with semicircular canal fluid |
| selective attention | focusing on one particular stimulus |
| visual capture | when sense are competing, vision wins |
| figure-ground | figure is the focal point, the rest is the background |
| 5 types of grouping | proximity, similarity, continuity, connectedness, closure |
| visual cliff | tests depth perception- glass table and checkerboard floor |
| 2 types of binocular cues | retinal disparity, convergence |
| retinal disparity | images from each eye differ |
| convergence | eyes move inward for near objects |
| phi phenomenon | blinking lights create movement |
Created by:
jducttape
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