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xray
H G Random Xray 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| X-Ray Tube External Components | support system |
| parts of support system | Ceiling Support, Floor to ceiling support, C-Arm support |
| Positive side of the x-ray tube | Anode |
| needed for general purpose tubes to produce a high intensity beam for a short time | Rotating anodes |
| used in dental systems and in some portable units | Stationary |
| Two types of anodes | stationary and rotating |
| Three purposes for the anode | 1. Electrical Conductor 2. Provides mechanical support for the target 3. Acts as a good thermal regulator |
| receives electrons from the cathode and conducts them back through the cables to the high voltage generator | Electrical Conductor |
| The half value layer for soft tissue | 5 cm |
| x-rays emerging from the tube that will be incident on the patient | Useful beam |
| X-rays that do not reach the film gave | opaque area |
| X-rays that are transmitted produce useful information | produce blackness on the film |
| Only two interactions are important to radiology | Compton effect and the photoelectric effect |
| produces no useful information | compton scattering |
| X-ray photons undergo an ionizing interaction with inner shell electrons | Photoelectric effect |
| general graying of the film | Fog |
| greatest amount of x-rays emitted with energy approximately 1/3 the maximum of the highest energy photons | Bremsstrahlung radiation |
| chart is used to determine the amount of time it takes for the x-ray tube to cool | Anode cooling |
| chart is used to determine the maximum time and kVp that can be used for a given mA station | Radiographic rating |
| Heat is released by | radiation, conduction, and convection |
| 300 mA or less | focal spot is small |
| 400 mA or more | focal spot is large |
| acts as an insulator to prevent shock and to help cool the x-ray tube | oil |
| protects us from electric shock | Protective housing |
| X-Rays that escape the protective housing | leakage radiation |
| made the 1st hot cathode x-ray tube | Wiliam D. Coolidge |
| this tube was a vacuum tube in which the intensity and energy could be selected separately and accurately | hot cathode tube |
| introduced a transformer that improved the use of the Crooks tube | H.C. Snook |
| 1st US death due to x-ray radiation | 1904 |
| 1st US fatality due to x-ray radiation | Clarence Dally |
| Fluroscope was developed by | Edison |
| was the 1st to use a diaphragm and an aluminum filter | William Rollins |
| Filtration | Usually aluminum |
| Uses lead shutters that move equa-distance in the vertical and horizontal direction | Collimation |
| converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) | A rectifier |
| has 100% voltage ripple because voltage varies from zero to maximum used | Single phase |
| has between 4-14% voltage ripple | Three phase |
| has 1% voltage ripple | High frequency |
| Full wave rectified power is at | 60 Hz (cycles per second) |
| Inverts the voltage of the negative half of the cycle | Full wave rectification |
| Reverts the negative to make it positive without any pauses | full wave rectification |
| secondary voltage is higher than the primary voltage | step up transformer |
| Converts low voltage from the electric company to high voltage needed for x-ray production | High Voltage generator |
| Filament operates at currents between | 3 and 6A |
| Filament temperature is controlled by | the filament current (measures in Amperes) |
| # of electrons crossing the tube from cathode to anode | Tube current |
| Supplies a precise voltage to the filament circuit and the high voltage circuit | Autotransformer |
| # of x-rays or intensity of the beam expressed in mR or mAs | Quantity |
| penetrability of the beam expressed in kVp or half value layer | Quality |
| take a certain amount of aluminum and ask how much aluminum do I need to cut the beam intensity in half | Half value layer |
| Radio waves are discussed using frequency | Hertz |
| X-rays are discussed using energy | electron volts |
| Visible light is discussed using wavelength | meters |
| Equivalent to a He nucleus | Alpha particles |
Created by:
hakrrins
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