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NSU Psych 101
NSU Chapter 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nervous system | The body's electrochemical communication circuitry, made up of billions of neurons. |
| central nervous system (CNS) | The brain and the spinal cord. |
| peripheral nervous system (PNS) | The network of nerves that connects the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body. It is divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. |
| somatic nervous system | The division of the PNS consisting of sensory nerves, whose function is to convey information to the CNS and motor nerves, whose function is to transmit information to the muscles. |
| autonomic nervous system | The division of the peripheral nervous system that communicates with the body's internal organs. It consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. |
| sympathetic nervous system | The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body. |
| parasympathetic nervous system | The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body. |
| neurons | Nerve cells that are specialized for processing information. Neurons are the basic units of the nervous system. |
| cell body | The part of the neuron that contains the necleus, which directs the manufacture of substances that the neuron needs for growth and maintenance. |
| dendrites | Branches of a neuron that recieve and orient information toward the cell body; most neurons have numerous dendrites. |
| axon | The part of the neuron that carries information away from the cell body to other cells. |
| myelin sheath | The layer of fat cells that encases and insulates most axons. The myelin sheath speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses. |
| synapses | Tiny junctions between two neurons, generally where the axon of one neuron meets the dendrites or cell body of another neuron. |
| brain stem | The region of the brain that includes most of the hindbrain (excluding the cerebellum) and the midbrain). |
| occipital lobe | The part of the cerebral cortex at the back of the head that is involved in vision. |
| temporal lobe | The portion of the cerebral cortex just above the ears that is involved in hearing, language processing and memory. |
| frontal lobe | The part of the cerebral cortex just behind the forehead that is involved in the control of voluntary muscles, intelligence and personality |
| pariental lobe | Area of the cerebral corex at the top of the head that is involved in registering spatial location, attention and motor control |
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