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Physics Most Missed
radt 334
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ionizing radiation is capable of removing _________ from atoms as it passes through. | Electrons |
| Z of molybdenum is 42 & A is 98. How many neutrons does it have? | 56 |
| The study of objects at rest & in motion is the branch of Physics called _________ | mechanics |
| energy is measured in: | joules or electron volts |
| ice and steam are examples of two forms of | matter |
| elements being composed of identical atoms | John Dalton |
| velocity = | m/s |
| The chemical element is determined by the number of _____________ in the atom | protons |
| Atoms of various elements combine to form: | molecules |
| Kinetic Energy: | 1/2 mv^2 |
| Atomic number of an element is symbolized by what letter? | Z |
| Energy of a photon is directly proportional to its | frequency |
| Photons tend to interact with matter __________ it’s wavelength | equal in size to |
| 4 properties of photons: | frequency, wavelength, velocity, amplitude |
| Smallest quantity of any type of electromagnetic radiation: | photon |
| Frequency: | rate of rise and fall of sine wave |
| Velocity is: | constant |
| Intensity of radiation is reduced with distance because: | its spread over a greater area |
| What is the difference between self induction and mutual induction? | mutual induction requires 2 coils, self induction requires 1 coil |
| An induction motor is used in x-ray imaging systems to | rotate the anode |
| Degree to which a material can be magnetized is | magnetic susceptibility |
| When the tube sock ran down the hallway, excess___________ rubbed off the current and cause the tube sock to become______________? | electrons, electrified |
| The electrification occurs through the movement of: | only electron |
| Like charges________ and unlike________. | Repel, Attract |
| electronstatic force is _____ proportinal to the dirsncce between charge and ______ proprtional to the product of charge. | inversely, and directly |
| The charges on an electrofied object are distributed: | Evenly througout the object |
| On the surface of an electrofied object, the charge consentrates: | on sharpest point |
| A ___________ is a Direct current? | battery |
| Electrofied potential applied to a conductor produces: | electric current and magnetic field |
| An alternating current is represented by a __________ line. | sinusoidal |
| Alternating current is produced b a __________. | generator |
| What is ohm's law? | I=V/R |
| A charged patricale in motion creates a: | magnetic field |
| Electrical power is measured in _________. | watts |
| Rubber and glass are ______. | insulators |
| The rotation of electrons on their axis is the properly called: | electron spin |
| In the U.S. alernating current does thru a complete cycle every __________ second. | 1/60th |
| What is the SI unit of magnetic field strength? | tesla |
| 1st batteries were made of stacks of: | zinc and copper |
| The magnetic intensity of an electromagnet is greatly increased by addition of ___________. | iron |
| Oersted dicovered that an electric current flowing through a wire would affect a nearby _________. | compass |
| Faradays experiments proved that a current could be induced if magnetic field is ____________. | changing |
| An electical component that uses self induction. | transformers |
| In the diagram above, Thumb Rule, what do the fingers(2nd-5th) represent | magnetic field direction |
| In the diagram above, Thumb Rule, what does the thumb represent | current direction |
| In a Series Circuit, which is true | total resistance is equal to the sum of the individual resistances |
| In a Parallel Circuit, which is true | total current is equal to the sum of individual currents |
| What device measures electron flow | ammeter |
| What is the difference in self-induction vs. mutual induction | self-induction has 1 coil, mutual induction has 2 coils |
| Difference in waveform between primary and secondary sides of the high voltage transformer: | amplitude |
| Tube rating chart shows ____ | max exposure times |
| When voltage is increased through step up transformers, amperage decreases. | true |
| Lowest power rating generator: | single phase |
| What is outside of a glass envelope? | stators |
| Amperage _____________ when voltage is ____________. | decreases, increases |
| Small focal spot allows for longer exposure time than a larger one. | false |
| _______________ is added to decrease patient dose. | filtration |
| Main reason xray beam weakens as it travels away from tube | divergence of beam |
| in a single phase fully rectified, you need 2 rectifiers | false |
| The principle disadvantage of three-phase equipment is ______. | efficency |
| Cracking and pitting on the anode is caused by | a single excessive exposure causing temp to be excessive and long exposure times causing temps to increase rapidly |
| The operating console contains circuits that are | low voltage only |
| With half-wave rectification the current flows through the x-ray tube during _______ part of the cycle . | positive |
| The voltage of an auto transformer receives windings. | true |
| To make a single phase unit fully rectified you would need 2 rectifiers | false |
| Incident x-ray interacts with target atom which releases another x-ray of equal energy in a different direction | coherent scatter |
| Interactions of electrons of inner shell of target atoms | characteristic electrons |
| What happens on the emission spectum with Increasing mAs? | increasing mAs |
| What is another name for penetrability? | quality |
| contrast agents increase differential absorption and photoelectron absorption: | compton scatter |
| What is the result of Higher kVp? | more patient dose |
| Characteristic K-shell x-ray of tungsten atoms have effective energy of: | 69 KeV |
| If filter thickness is______________then x-ray intensity is_____________. | increase, decrease |
| Beam quality if affected by | kVp filtration |
| As kvp _____________ the probably of photo electron absorption ___________. | decreases, decreases |
| Occurs with x-ray below 10kev | coherant scatter |
| What scatters in Different directions? | coherant scatter |
| Photoelectric effect What? | causes bone to appear radiopaque |
| (single phase) HU= | kVp x mA x sec x gen |
| Rutherford experiment in 1911 showed that the atom was composed of | nucleus with an electron cloud |
| SI unit for power | watt |
| ___ is source of radiation in the xray tube | focal spot |
| the ____ provides electrons for xray tube current | filament |
| variations in power distributions supplied to xray machine are corrected by | line voltage copmensator |
| each tube has its own tube rating chart to show | max exposure times |
| increasing kVp setting on control console will increase number of electrons | false |
| weight= | mass times gravity |
| momentum= | mass times velocity |
| work= | force times distance |
| power= | work divided by time |
| kinetic energy= | 1/2mr^2 |
| potential energy= | mgh |
| roentgen | exposure |
| rad | absorbed dose to patient |
| rem | effective dose that's absorbed |
| curie | radioactivity |
| British units | foot, pounds, seconds |
| SI units | meters, kilogram, seconds |
| frequency and wavelength are | inversely related |
| frequency and energy are | directly related |
| quantity | mAs |
| quality | kV |
| latent image | unprocessed image |
| manifest image | after development |
| type 1 histogram | spike at end (right)= blackness, direct exposure spike |
| type 2 histogram | no spike, anatomy filled image receptor |
| type 3 histogram | spike in front and back, front= whiteness back= blackness |
| CR steps | radiation IP, high energy state, laser light, release electrons, PMT, stable state, white light |
| detector quantum efficiency | ability to absorb xrays |
| conversion efficiency | how easily does the image receptor give off light compared to absorbing it, want high CE, low DQE |
| focal spot size is measured with? | pinhole camera |
| wire mesh test | check for warped screen, cassettes, or films |
| reciprocity | changing mA and time stations |
| reproducability | keep same mAs and making same exposure over and over |
| linearity | make exposure 5 mAs and then 10 mAs then 20 mAs should be double the density each time you double the number |
| QA= | checking people |
| QC= | checking equipment |
| film should be stored at what humidity | 40-60% |
| exposure artifacts | dust, dirt, jewelry, braids, piercings, pt motion |
| storage artifacts | dust and dirt |
| processing artifacts | pi lines, hesitation marks, guide shoe marks |
| storage and handling artifacts | static and fog |
| outcome assessment | consistency of radiologist |
| digital imaging- over/ under exposure | 120% over, 60% under |
| Roentgens measurements for xrays include | quantity, exposure, and intensity |
Created by:
meechthebeech91
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