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Psychology Final Exa
Chapters 12 and 13
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Psychoanalytic Theory | unconscious (Freud founded this theory) not aware |
| Levels of Awareness | conscious, preconscious, unconscious |
| ID | unconscious drive for basic physical needs, seeks pleasure, gratification |
| Super Ego | conscience, decision making, morals |
| Ego | self, constantly trying to balance ID and Super Ego |
| Pleasure Principle | what drives ID |
| Reality Principle | what drives Ego |
| Defense Mechanisms | a process used to protect the ego by reducing the anxiety it feels when faced with the conflicting demands of the id and the super ego |
| Repression | a type of forgetting in which memories for events, desires or impulses that we find threatening are pushed into an inaccessible part of the mind called the unconscious |
| Projection | push your own thoughts on someone else |
| Displacement | taking anger from original source and displacing it on something or someone else |
| Reaction Formation | behave the opposite of how they actually feel |
| Regression | going back to immature behaviors |
| Rationalization | creating false excuses to justify behaviors |
| Identification | making yourself feel better by forming a real or imaginary alliance with a person or group |
| Sublimation | taking sexual energy and using it for something else |
| Compensation | extra energy put towards good use |
| Fantasy | day dream to deal with a frustrated behavior |
| Fixation | develop bad habits |
| Psycho-sexual | oral-18 months anal-18 months to 3 years phallic-3 to 6 years latency-6 to puberty genital-puberty and up (influence personalities) |
| Nature | environment, Locke "tabula rasa" (blank side) |
| Behavioralists (Nurture) | (Watson, Skinner, Pavlov, Bandura) environment shapes our behaviors |
| G x E Interaction (Genes by Environment) | Baby Temperament (Gene) Maternal Anxiety (Environment) |
| Reliability | consistently give us same resuluts |
| Validity | we're measuring what we think we're measuring |
| Norms | the average answer |
| Personality Inventory | questions, break down, added up to say which traits you are |
| TAT, Appreciation | making sense of an idea based on ideas we already have (Roar Shack, Traumatic Aperception Test) |
| Abnormal Psychology | 1. Rare or infrequent in general population 2. Breaks societal norms ex.gay 3. Causes personal distress 4. impairment |
| DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) | Axis 1-5 |
| Subjectivity | bias, partial |
| Self Fulfilling Prophecy | if you're told you can't do something you're going to fulfill that |
| Biological | genetics, hormones/ neurotransmitters, brain and body functioning |
| Psychological | psychoanalytic, unconscious, conflict, between ID and super ego |
| Social Learning | classical and operant conditioning, observational learning |
| Cognitive | thinking and mental processes |
| Humanistic | disturbance in perception of self |
| Sociocultural | age, gender, ethnicity, generation, stress, poverty (context of individual) |
| Biopsychosocial | biological, psychological, and sociocultural combined |
| Axis 1 | Clinical Didsorders |
| Axis 2 | Personality Disorders |
| Axis 3 | Physical Problems or Conditions that may influence a person's mental health |
| Axis 4 | Psychosocial problems, environmental problems |
| Axis 5 | A numerical scale for evaluating a person's level of functioning |
| 4 Components of Anxiety | -physical response -cognitive/emotional -behavioral |
| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder | obsession: intrusive thoughts compulsions: behaviors which lessen anxiety |
| Panic disorder | fear of having a panic attack |
| Anxiety Biological | neurotransmitters, genetics, amygdula(memories related to fear) |
| Anxiety Psychological | classical conditioning, reinforcement |
| Anxiety Sociocultural | war (PTSD, abuse, woman, European American |
| Dissociate | separate self from that |
| Dis-associative Identity Disorder | separate from reality -alters (alternate personalities) -host |
| Somatoform | a disorder marked by physical complaints that have no apparent physical cause |
| Hypochondriac | the person persistently worries over having a disease without any physical basis |
| Agoraphobia | an excessive fear of being in places from which escape might be difficult or where help might not be available if one were to experience panic |
| disphoria | extremely sad |
| anhedonia | loss of interest in pleasurable or usual activities |
| phobic disorder | an anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear of a specific object or situation |
| specific phobia | a persistent fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation |
| social phobia | an irrational persistent fear of being negatively evaluated by others in a social situation |
| obsession | a recurrent thought or image that intrudes on a person's awareness |
| compulsion | repetitive behavior that a person feels a strong urge to perform |
| post traumatic stress disorder | an anxiety disorder characterized by distressing memories, emotional numbness, and hyper-vigilance that develops after exposure to a traumatic event |
| mood disorder | a disorder marked by a significant change in one's emotional state that seriously interferes with one's ability to function |
| major depression | a mood disorder involving disphoria feelings of worthlessness, loss of interest in ones usual activities and changes in bodily activities such as sleep and appetite that persists for at least 2 weeks |
| dysthmic disorder | a mood disorder that is a less severe but more chronic form of major depression |
| bipolar disorder | a mood disorder characterized by both depression and mania |
| mania | a period of abnormally excessive energy and elation |
| cyclothymic disorder | a mood disorder that is less severe but more chronic form of bipolar disorder |
| learned helplessness | the belief that one cannot control the outcome of events |
| ruminative coping style | the tendency to persistently focus on how one feels without attempting to do anything about one's feelings |
| cognitive distorition | thought that tends to be pessimistic and negative |
| schizophrenia | disturbances in thought, perceptions, emotions and behavior + positive - additon of abnormal behavior, hallucination disorganized speech - negative - behaviors normal people have that are missing blunted affect(readable emotions) |
| delusion | a thought or belief that a person believes to be true but in reality is not |
| hallucination | perceiving someting that does not exist in reality |
| disorganized speech | speech lacks association between one's ideas and the events that one is experiencing |
| disordered behavior | inappropriate or unusual behavior such as silliness, catatonic excitement or a catatonic stuper |
| catatonic stupor | disorder in motor behavior involving mobility |
| catatonic excitement | disorder in motor behavior involving excited agitation |
| blunted affect | a lack of emotional expression |
| alogia | decreased quality or quantity of speech |
| avolition | the inability to follow through on one's plans |
| personality disorder | maladaptive behavior that has been stable over a long period and across many situations |
| antisocial personality disorder | pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others with no remorse or guilt for one's actions |
| borderline personality disorder | pattern of instability in mood, relationships, self image, and behavior |
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Alisicia
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