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RT 244 ch 29,30
radio-biology chapters 29,30
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the goal of radiation therapy? | The goal is to kill the cancer cells while causing the least amount of damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. |
| Human beings are made up of what % of water? | 80% |
| What is the most critical and radiosensitive target molecule of the body? | nucleic acid |
| What is catabolism? | reduction of macromolecules to smaller molecules |
| What macromolecule has the chief function for providing fuel for cell metabolism? | carbohydrates |
| The command or control molecule for cell function that contains all the heredity information representing a cell and the heredity of the whole individual is? | DNA |
| During meiosis the number of chromosomes: | is reduced to 23 |
| A cell proliferates and there are 2 divisions. this indicates what? | meiosis |
| A cell proliferates and there are 2 identical daughter cells. this indicates what? | mitosis |
| What are effects that are usually early and from high exposures of radiation? | deterministic |
| What are effects that are usually late and from low exposures of radiation? | stochastic |
| What is a very large molecule that sometimes consists of hundreds of thousands of atoms? | macromolecules |
| What are examples of macrmolecules? | lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids |
| What type of cells does meiosis make? | sex cells or germ cells |
| What type of cells does mitosis make? | somatic cells |
| What macromolecule has the chief function for providing thermal insulation from the environment? | lipids |
| What are the 2 bonding pairs possible in DNA? | 1.adenine & thymine 2.cytosine & guanine |
| What are the main purposes of proteins? | 1.provide structure and support 2.function as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies 3.large content in muscles |
| What dose response guideline would you utilize to develop radiation protection devices? | linear/non-threshold |
| What is endoplasmic reticulum? | a channel or a series of channels that allows the nucleus to communicate with the cytoplasm |
| What are ribosomes? | site of protein synthesis and are essential to normal cellular function |
| What do mitochondria do? | digest macromolecules to produce energy for the cell |
| What is the job of lysosomes? | help to control intracellular contaminants by containing enzymes capable of digesting cellular fragments and sometimes the cell itself |
| Why is the cytoplasm important? | site of all cell metabolic functions |
| What is homeostasis? | the concept of relative constancy of the internal environment of the human body |
| What are the female germ cells? | oocytes |
| What are the male germ cells? | spermatozoa cells |
| What is the Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau? | The radiosensitivity of living tissue varies with maturation and metabolism |
| LET | Linear Energy Transfer: measure of the rate at which energy is transferred from a particular type of radiation to soft tissue |
| RBE | Relative Biologic Effectiveness: dose of standard radiation to produce an effect, divided by dose of test radiation to produce the same effect |
| What is fractionation? | radiation dose delivered are the same dose in equal portions at regular intervals |
| What is protraction? | a dose of radiation that is delivered continuously but at a lower dose rate |
| OER | Oxygen Enhancement Ratio: a measure of increased radiosensitivity of tissue in the presence of oxygen |
| What is photoelectric effect? | 1.occurs when body tissue totally absorbs ionizing radiation 2.associated with inner shell (k-shell) interactions 3.responsible for contrast |
| What is compton's effect? | 1.when xrays are partially absorbed knocking out an outer shell electron 2.causes scatter radiation |
| What is anabolism? | a metabolic activity that builds up large molecules from small ones |
Created by:
Chrslarsen
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