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Ch. 13
Social Psychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Social Psychology | The study of the causes and consequences of sociality |
| Aggression | Behavior whose purpose is to harm another |
| Frustration-aggression hypothesis | A principle stating that anime aggress only when their goals are thwarted |
| Cooperation | Behavior by tow or more individuals that leads to mutual benefit |
| Group | A collection of people who have something in common that distinguishes them from others |
| Prejudice | A positive or negative evaluation of another person based on their group membership |
| Discrimination | Positive or negative behavior toward another person based on their group membership |
| Deindividuation | A phenomenon that occurs when immersion in a group causes people to become less aware of their individual values |
| Diffusion of Responsibility | The tendency for individuals to feel diminished responsibility for their actions when they are surrounded by others who are acting in the same way |
| Altruism | Behavior that benefits another without benefiting oneself |
| Kin Selection | The process by which evolution selects for individuals who cooperate with their relatives |
| Reciprocal Altruism | Behavior that benefits another with the expectations that those benefits will be returned in the future |
| Mere Exposure Effect | The tendency for liking to increase with the frequency of exposure |
| Passionate Love | An experience involving feelings of euphoria, intimacy, and intense sexual attraction |
| companionate love | An experience involving affection, trust, and concern for a partner's well-being |
| Social Exchange | The hypothesis that people remain in relationships only as long as they perceive a favorable ratio of costs to benefits |
| comparison level | The cost-benefit ration that people believe they deserve or could attain in another relationship |
| Equity | A state of affairs in which the cost-benefit ratios of two partners are roughly equal |
| Social influence | the ability to control another person's behavior |
| Norm | A customary standard for behavior that is widely shared by members of a culture |
| Normative influence | A phenomenon that occurs when another person's behavior provides information about what is appropriate |
| Norm of reciprocity | The unwritten rule that people should benefit those who have benefited them |
| Door-in-the-face Technique | A strategy that uses reciprocating concessions to influence behavior |
| Conformity | The tendency to do what others do simply because others are doing it |
| obedience | The tendency to do what powerful people tell us to do |
| Attitude | An enduring positive or negative evaluation of an object or event |
| Belief | an enduring piece of knowledge about an object or event |
| Informational influence | A phenomenon that occurs when a person's behavior provides information about what is good or right |
| Persuasion | A phenomenon that occurs when a person's attitudes of beliefs are influenced by a communication from another person |
| systematic persuasion | The process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to reason |
| Heuristic persuasion | The process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to habit or emotion |
| Foot-in-the-door technique | A technique that involves a small request followed by a larger request |
| cognitive dissonance | An unpleasant state that arises when a person recognizes the inconsistency of his or her actions, attitudes, or beliefs |
| Social Cognition | The processes by which people come to understand others |
| Stereotyping | The processes by which people draw inferences about others based on their knowledge of the categorizes to which others belong |
| Perceptual confirmation | a phenomenon that occurs when observers perceive what they expect to perceive |
| self-fulfilling prophecy | they tendency for people to cause what they expect to see |
| subtyping | the tendency for people who are faced with disconfirming evidence to modify their stereotypes rather than abandon them |
| attribution | an inference about the cause of a person's behavior |
| correspondence bias | the tendency to make a dispositional attribution even when a person's behavior was caused by the situation |
| Actor-observer effect | The tendency to make situational attributions for our own behaviors while making dispositional attributions for the identical behavior of others |
Created by:
jmccloud
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