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Chapter 8
Listening Effectively
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| LISTENING | the process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages |
| ATTENDING | the process of willfully striving to perceive selected sounds that are being heard |
| UNDERSTANDING | the process of accurately decoding a message so that you share its meaning with the speaker |
| CLARIFYING QUESTION | response designed to get further information or to remove uncertainty from information already received |
| PARAPHRASE | attempt to verify one's understanding of a message by putting it in one's words and sharing it with the speaker |
| CONTENT PARAPHRASE | paraphrase that conveys one's understanding on the denotative meaning of a verbal message. |
| FEELINGS PARAPHRASE | paraphrase that conveys one's understanding of the emotional meaning behind a speaker's verbal message |
| COMBINED PARAPHRASE | paraphrase that conveys one's understanding of both the denotative and emotional meaning behind a speaker's verbal message |
| REMEMBERING | process of moving information from shot term memory to long term memory |
| PRIMARY EFFECT | tendency to remember information that we heard first over what we heard in the middle |
| RECENCY EFFECT | tendency to remember information that we heard last over what we heard in the middle |
| REPETITION | saying something two, three, or even four times. |
| MNEMONIC DEVICE | any artificial technique used as a memory aid |
| CRITICALLY EVALUATING | process of interpreting what you have understood to determine how truthful, authentic or believable you judge the meaning to be. |
| FACTS | statements whose accuracy can be verified or proven |
| INFERENCES | claims or assertions based on the facts presented |
| PROBING QUESTIONS | questions by which we search for more information or try to resolve perceived inconsistencies in a message |
| RESPONDING | process of reacting to what has been heard while listening and after listening |
| BACK CHANNEL CUES | verbal and nonverbal signals demonstrating listener response to the speaker |
| APPRECIATIVE LISTENING | listening that focuses on the enjoyment of what is said. |
| DISCRIMINATIVE LISTENING | listening that focuses on gaining an accurate understanding of the message |
| COMPREHENSIVE LISTENING | listening that focuses on learning and remembering information |
| CRITICAL EVALUATING LISSTENING | listening that focuses on being able to judge or evaluate the the information heard |
| EMPATHIC LISTENING | listening that focuses on understanding the feelings of others |