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The cranial nerves are part of the ________ nervous system:
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There are a total of ____ cranial nerves:
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A&P I
CNS, PNS, Nerves & Brain
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The cranial nerves are part of the ________ nervous system: | Peripheral |
| There are a total of ____ cranial nerves: | 12 |
| CNI= | Olfactory nerve |
| CNII= | Optice nerve |
| CNIII= | Oculomotor |
| CNIV= | Trochlear nerve |
| CNV= | Trigeminal |
| CNVI= | Abducens |
| CNVII= | Facial nerve |
| CNVIII= | Vestibulocochlear |
| CNIX= | Glossopharnygeal |
| CNX= | Vagus nerve |
| CNXI= | Accessory nerve |
| CNXII= | Hypoglossal |
| __________ nerve provides sensory from anterior scalp, face, oral cavity and controls muscles of mastication: | Trigeminal |
| _________ is the lateral rectus eye muscle: | Abducens |
| __________ is comprised of 4 extrinsic eye muscles, elevates eyelids, constricts pupils, round lens of eye: | Oculomotor |
| _________ is the superior oblique eye muscle: | Trochlear nerve |
| _________ is associated with taste in anterior tongue, muscles of facial expression, gland secretions from lacrimal, submandibular, and salivary glands: | Facial nerve |
| _________ nerve is associated with hearing and equilibrium: | Vestibulocochlear |
| _________ is associated with sensory and taste to the posterior tongue, sensory to portion of pharnyx, secretions from parotid salivary gland: | Glossopharnygeal |
| _________ nerve is associated with visceral sensory from heart, lungs and abdominal organs, general sensory for part of pharynx & larynx, most pharyngeal and all laryngeal muscles, smooth muscles of heart, lungs, larynx, most abd organs: | Vagus nerve |
| _________ nerve is associated with the trapezius & sternocleidomastoid muscle: | Accessory nerve |
| _________ is associated with intrinsic and extrinsictongue muscles: | Hypoglossal |
| The nervous system controls and interprets ______: | Sensations and muscle movements |
| _________ is the body's primary communication and control center: | The nervous system |
| _________ integrates and controls body functions: | Nervous system |
| _______ utilizes electrical activity to transmit messages along specialized cells: | Nervous system |
| ___________ __________ collects information, processes and evaluates info, initiates response to info: | Nervous system |
| Specialized nervous structures that collect info: | Receptors |
| changes to internal or external environment: | Stimuli |
| _____ is the anatomic division of the nervous system, inc. the brain & spinal cord: | CNS |
| _____ inc. nerves and ganglia: | PNS |
| _______ are bundles of neuron processes: | Nerves |
| _____ are clusters of neuron cell bodies: | Ganglia |
| The sensory nervous system isalso known as ________: | Afferent nervous system |
| The sensory nervous system is further divided into _________ and __________ sensory: | Somatic & visceral |
| ___________ is responsible for receiving sensory info from receptors and transmitting info to the CNS: | Sensory nervous system |
| _________ is also known as the efferent nervous system: | Motor nervous system |
| The motor nervous system is divided further into _____ and ________ parts: | Somatic & visceral |
| __________ initiates and transmits motor output from CNS and transmits info to the effectors: | Motor nervous system |
| ________ are the basic structural unit of the nervous system: | Neurons |
| ________ are excitable cells that transmit electrical signals: | Neurons |
| ________ are non excitable cells that primarily support and protect neurons: | Glial cells |
| Special characteristics of neurons include: | Excitability, conductivity, secretion, extreme longevity, amitotic |
| List the three components of neurons: | Cell body, dendrites, axons |
| The cell body of neurons contains _______ surrounding the nucleus: | Cytoplasm |
| The component responsible for conducting electrical signals to axons: | Cell body |
| _______ are short processes branching off the cell body of neurons: | Dendrites |
| ________ receive input and transfer it to the cell body of a neuron: | Dendrites |
| ______ are longer processes emanating from the cell body of a neuron: | Axons |
| The triangular region of an axon is called ____: | axon hillock |
| Cytoplasm in the axon is termed: | axoplasm |
| Plasma membrane of an axon is termed: | axolemma |
| side branches of an axon are termed: | axon collaterals |
| Antegrade transportation of an axon provides movement from _____ to _______: | Cell body to synaptic knobs |
| Retrograde transportation of the axon provides movement from ______ to _______: | Synaptic knob to Cell body |
| Sensory neurons are also called _______: | Afferent neurons |
| Sensory neurons conduct input ______ somatic and visceral receptors: | From |
| Most sensory neurons have _____ polar characteristics: | Unipolar and few bipolar |
| The cell body of sensory neurons are located in the ________, outside the CNS: | Posterior root ganglia |
| Motor neurons are also called: | Efferent neurons |
| Motor neurons conduct motor output ____ somatic and visceral effectors: | To |
| Motor neurons typically have ______ polar characteristics: | Multipolar |
| The cell bodies of motor neurons are most commonly located in the _____: | CNS |
| _______ are also called association neurons and are contained entirely within the CNS: | Interneurons |
| _______ are responsible for "deciding" how to respond to stimuli: | Interneurons |
| Interneurons facilitate communication between ______ and _________: | sensory & motor neurons |
| _______ is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons: | Nerve |
| The __________ is a thick layer of connective tissue, that encloses the entire nerve to provide protection and support: | Epineurium |
| The ________ is a layer of connective tissue that wraps bundles of axons, fasicles to support blood vessels in the neuron: | Perineurium |
| The ________ is a delicate layer of connective tissue (areolar) that separates and insulates each axon, it also contains capillaries to supply the axon: | Endoneurium |
| Types of nerves considered in the structural classification are: | Spinal & Cranial |
| Types of nerves in the functional classifiaction include: | Sensory, Motor, Mixed |
| Sensory nerves contain only _______ nerves: | Sensory |
| Motor nerves contain _________ ________ neurons: | Primarily motor |
| List the two types of synapse: | Chemical & electrical |
| ________ where neuron functionally connects to another neuron or an effector: | Synapse |
| The most common type of synapse is ________: | Chemical |
| In chemical synapse pre-synaptic neuron is the ______: | Signal producer |
| In chemical synapse the post-synaptic neuron is the ______: | Signal receiver |
| A narrow fluid filled gap at the synaptic knob is termed: | Synaptic cleft |
| The process of _______ works as follows Neurotransmitter molecules released from synaptic knob, then released from synatpic vesicles into cleft, diffusion of neurotransmitter across cleft, binding of NT to receptors: | Transmission at chemical synapse |
| The least common type of synapse: | Electrical |
| In ________ synapse the pre- & postsynaptic neurons physically bound together: | Electrical |
| Gap junctions are present in _______ synapse: | Electrical |
| Electrical synapse occurs in what two locations: | Brain & eye |
| Resting= Threshold= | -70 mV -55 mV |
| Glial cells are also known as _____: | Neuroglia |
| ________ are non excitable cells found in CNS & PNS, smaller than neurons, capable of mitosis, outnumber neurons, protect and nourish neurons, critical for normal function at neural synapses: | Glial cells |
| List the 4 types of glial cells located in the CNS: | Astrocytes Ependymal Microglia Oligodenrocytes |
| _______ are the most abundant glial cells in the CNS: | Astrocytes |
| Astrocytes help form _______: | The blood-brain barrier |
| _______ strictly controls substances entering brain tissue from blood, protects neurons from toxins, allows nutrients to pass: | Astrocytes |
| ________ cells line the internal cavities of the brain and spinal cord, form choroid plexus with nearby blood cappilaries: | Ependymal |
| ________ cells are either ciliated simple cuboidal or aimple columnar epithelial cells, slender process with extensive branching | Ependymal |
| The cilia helps circulate what substance in CNS: | CSF |
| ______ are small cells with slender branches, represent the smallest # of CNS glial cells, phagocytic cells of immune system, engulf infectious agents and remove debris from dead or damaged tissue: | Microglia |
| ________ are large cells with slender extensions that processes ensheathing portions of axons of different neurons: | Oligodendrocytes |
| _________ processes repeatedly wrap around, insulating axons in a myelin sheath: axon: | Oligodendrocytes |
| A _________ ________ allows for faster action potential propogation through CNS: | Myelin sheath or oligodendrocytpes |
| List the types of glial cells in PNS: | Satellite Neurolemmocytes |
| ________ cells are arranged around neuronal cell bodies in a ganglion and physically separat cell bodies in ganglion from surrounding fluid | Satellite cells |
| _________ cells regulate exchange of nutrients and waste products in the PNS: | Satellite cells |
| Neurolemmocytes are also known as ______: | Schwann cells |
| __________ ensheath PNS cells to form myelin sheath: | Neurolemmocytes or schwann cells |
| _________ is a process where part of an axon is enclosed or wrapped in myelin: | Myelination |
| _______ insulating cover around axon, gives glossy appearance and insulates axon, repeating layers of glial cell plasma membrane, high proportion of lipids | Myelin |
| Myelin is completed by _________ in the PNS and _______ in the CNS: | Schwann cells/neurolemmocytes Oligodendrocytes |
| Layers of the plasma membrane form the ______ ________: | Myelin sheath |
| During myelination, __________ is when cytoplasm and the nucleus are pushed to the periphery: | Neurilemma |
| ________ cells in the PNS can only mylinate 1 mm of single axon, take many to myelinate entire axon: | Schwann cells |
| Gaps between neurolemmacytes are called _______: | Neurofibril nodes or Nodes of Ranvier |
| ________ cells in the CNS can myelinate 1 mm of many axons, provide extensive wrapping around axons, no neurolemma form, neurofibril nodes are located between adjacent "Wraps": | Oligodendrocytes |
| What are the factors influencing velocity of nerve signal: | Diameter of axon Myelination of axon |
| The larger the diameter of the axon the _______ the velocity of the signal: | faster |
| The most important factor determining the velocity of the signal is __________: | Myelination |
| ________ occurs in unmyleinated axons and causes sequential opeining of voltage gated Na+ and K+ channels: | Continuous conduction |
| __________ conduction occurs in myelinated axons: | Saltatory conduction |
| ________ conduction has action potential propagated only at neurofibril nodes: | Saltatory |
| How many known neurtransmitter exist: | 100 |
| _______ are small organic compounds: | Neurotransmitters |
| Neurotransmitters are released at the ________: | Synaptic knob |
| ________ is an excitatory and inhibitory transmitter released in both CNS & PNS: | Acetylcholine |
| ________ are building blocks of proteins, some are also neurotransmitters, ex: glutamine, glycine and aspartate: | Amino acids |
| __________ are derived from certain amino acids, carboxyl group removed and functional group added, inc. subgroup catecholamines, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine: | Monoamines |
| _______ are chains of amino acids, ex somatostatin: | Neuropeptides |
| Breakdown of ACh by acetlcholinesterase is an example of _________: | degradation |
| ________ is when neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by transport protein in presynaptic neurons: | Reuptake |
| The brain is composed of 4 major regions, what are they: | Diencephalon brainstem cerebellum cerebrum |
| The cerebrum is divided into ____ hemispheres and further divided into ____ lobes: | 2, 5 |
| _____ are folds in the outer surface of the brain: | Gyri |
| ________ are shallow depressions in the outer brain: | Sulci |
| _________ are deep grooves in the outer brain: | Fissures |
| Rostral= _________ Caudal= | Anterior Posterior |
| At ___ weeks gestation the neural tube develops: | 3 |
| The ___ and _____ vesicles further divide forming ____ secondary brain vesicles in a precess called encephalization: | 1,3,5 |
| The forbrain is also called ________: | Prosencephalon |
| The midbrain is also known as ________: | Mesencephalon |
| The hindbrain is also known as _________: | Rhombencephalon |
| List the 5 secondary brain vesicles during fetal development: | Telencephalon Diencephalon Mesencephalon Metencephalon Myelencephalon |
| The telencephalon becomes ______ in the adult brain: | Cerebrum |
| The diencephalon becomes ________ in the adult brain: | Thalamus, hypothalamus and epitalamus |
| The mesencephalon becomes the ______ in adults: | Midbrain |
| The metencephalon becomes what part of the adult brain: | Pons & Cerebellum |
| The myelencephalon becomes what part of the adult brain: | Medulla oblongata |
| What are the 2 tissue areas of the brain: | White & gray metter |
| ________ gets it color from motor and interneuron cell bodies, dendrites and unmyelinated axons: | Gray metter |
| _________ gets its color from myelin on axons: | White matter |
| The superficial region of gray metter is termed ________: | Cerebral cortex |
| Clusters of gray matter within white matter, Clusters of neuron cell bodies in neural matter is termed _____: | Cerebral nuclei |
| _______ provides rigid support to protect the brain: | Cranium |
| _______ surround and partition the brain: | Meninges |
| ______ cushions the brain: | CSF |
| _______ prevents entry of harmful materials: | Blood-brain barrier |
| The 3 connective tissue layer that compose the meninges are: | Pia mater arachnoid mater duramater |
| The _________ separate and support soft tissue of brain, enclose and protect the blood vessels supplying the brain and contain and circulate CSF: | Cranial meninges |
| ________ is the innermost of cranial meninges, thin layer of connective tissue, tightly adheres to the brain: | Pia mater |
| _________ lies external to the pia mater, partially composed of collagne and elastin, extends through the subarachnoid space, which contains CSF: | Arachnoid mater |
| ________ lies external to the arachnoid mater, is made of a dense irregular connective tisuue, a meningeal and periosteal layer: | Duramater |
| The _________ layer is more superficial and forms the periosteum on internal surface of cranial bones: | Periosteal layer |
| ________ are cavities within the brain lined with ependymal cells and contain CSF: | Ventricles |
| List the 4 ventricles: | 2 laterals, third, fourth |
| The _________ ventricle is located in the cerebrum and is separated septum pellucidum: | Lateral ventricles |
| The ______ ventricle is located in the diencephalon and communicates with the lateral ventricles: | Third |
| The _______ ventricle located between the pons and the cerebellum, communicates with the third ventricle through cerebral aqueduct: | Furth |
| The fourth ventricle merges with the _________ of the spinal cord: | Central canal |
| CSF is formed by _________: | Choroid plexus |
| __________ is specialized tissue in each ventricle, which is a layer of ependymal cells and capillaries: | Choroid plexus |
| CSF circulates in _________ and _______ space: | Ventricles and subarachnoid |
| _______ bathes and completely surrounds surfaces of CNS: | CSF |
| List three function of CSF: | Buoyancy Protection Environmental stability |
| __________ is the origin of all complex intellectual functions, center for reasoning, thought, memory, judgement, visual, auditory, and voluntary motor: | Cerebrum |
| The few bundles of axons that connect the right and left hemispheres of the brain: | Tracts |
| The largest tract is called ________: | Corpus callosum |
| ________ provides the main method of communication between hemispheres: | Corpus callosum |
| ______ lobe is responsible for voluntary motor, concentration, verbal communication, decision making, planning and personality: | Frontal |
| _________ lobe is responsible for general sensory function, evaluating shapes or textures of objects: | Parietal |
| ________ lobe is involved with hearing and smell: | Temporal |
| _______ lobe is responsible for processing visual info, storing visual memories: | Occipital |
| ________ lobe is involved in memory and interpretation of taste: | Insula |
| The primary motor cortex is located where: | Precentral gyrus of frontal lobe |
| The __________ controls voluntary skeletal muscle activity, they project contra-laterally, meaning the left controls the right side: | Primary motor cortex |
| Motor areas are housed within ________: | frontal lobe |
Created by:
akhernandez19