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Pharm Final
SPC Respiratory Pharm Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the Diuretic Drugs? | Lasix, Mannitol, and Diamox |
| Lasix | Diuretic, Fast onset, Loss of Potassium resulting in excretion of hydrogen ions which results in a metabolic ALKALOSIS |
| Mannitol | Osmotic diuretic, slow, gentle, spares electrolytes, tx of head trauma to reduce intracranial pressure |
| Diamox | Diuretic promotes Metabolic ACIDOSIS by the loss of HCO3(BiCarb) |
| Sedative/Hypnotic/Narcotic drugs | Ativan, Diprivan, Narcan, Haldol, Demerol, Dilantin, Compazine, Morphine Sulfate, Versed, Valium |
| Haldol | Tx of Dt's & highly agitated states |
| Dilantin | Prevent seizures, makes pt sleepy |
| Compazine | Tx of nausea |
| Versed | Short acting sedative/hypnotic, used during short-term procedures. |
| Diprivan | Sedative/hypnotic, dose dependent, fast onset, quick recovery, IV drip for continuous sedation. |
| Ativan | Anti-anxiety, pre-op med |
| Valium | Tx of occurring seizure |
| Morphine Sulfate | Narcotic analgesic, reduces drive to breathe by lowering sensitivity to CO2, relaxes smooth muscle surrounding blood vessels which drops preload & may drop BP, reduces work of heart. |
| Demerol | Narcotic analgesic |
| Narcan | Antidote for narcotic & barbiturate overdose. |
| ASA(Asprin) | Non-narcotic analgesic, avoid w/viral symptoms (fever, side aches) may worsen asthma by dropping PGE levels & promoting airway spasms. |
| COX2 Inhibitors | Non-narcotic analgesic, given for pain |
| Atrovent(Ipratopium Bromide) | Anticholinergic, Neb dose is 0.5mg, MDI not for those with soy or peanut allergy. |
| Spiriva(Tiotropium Bromide) | Anticholinergic, DPI, long-lasting anticholinergic 24-36hrs |
| Anticholinergics | Promote bronchodilation in the LARGER airways. Prevent parasympathetic response (bronchoconstriction) by antagonist action of M3 receptor. Avoid mask therapy due to eye problems caused by dilation of pupils. |
| Combo Meds | Advair DPI, DuoNeb, Combivent |
| Advair DPI | Slow onset, mtce med, sympathomimetic w/ steroid |
| DuoNeb | Anticholinergic Atrovent(Ipratropium Bromide) w/ sympathomimetic Albuterol Sulfate, dilates upper & lower airways. |
| Combivent | MDI, anticholinergic ipratropium bromide & sympathomimetic albuterol sulfate, NOT for those with soy/peanut allergies. |
| Glucocorticoids | Stops all inflammation, takes hours for onset. Enhances and promotes Beta response. Problems: promotes metabolic ALKALOSIS, mood swings, fat deposits, hair growth, atrophy of adrenal glands. |
| Leukotrienes (LT) Inhibitors | Reduce/prevent inflammation response associated with asthma. |
| Anticholinesterase Meds | Act by promoting acetylcholine by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase which is the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine. |
| Sympathomimetic Side-Effects | B1(cardiac): ^HR & contraction strength, B2(lungs): Tremors/Nausea |
| Sympathomimetics | Adrenergic bronchodilators that stim B2 receptor & promote dilation in smaller airways, inhibit prod of inflammatory mediators. |
| Racemic Epinephrine | Fast catecholamine, A1, B1 & 2 agonist. Dose 0.5ml, for tx of upper airway edema. |
| Albuterol Sulfate (Ventolin, Proventil) | 5mg/ml - onset up to 15 min. |
| Xopenex | Racemic albuterol, pure R isomer, 2 strengths, lower B1 activity which means lower incidence of tachycardia & less B2 effects which means a lower occurrence of tremors. |
| Brovana (arformoterol) | Long lasting 12hr sympathomimetic |
| Foradil(formoterol) | DPI, long-lasting sympathomimetic, 12hrs. |
| Mucomyst(n-acetylcysteine) | Mucolytic, disrupts mucus viscosity & elasticity, airway irritant, re-eval every 3-5 days, toss after 96hrs of opening. |
| Pulmozyme(Dornase Alpha) | Proteolytic, tx of infectious mucus(pneumonia), noted by purulent secretions, refrigerate after opening, toss if cloudy or discolored, HCW should avoid breathing this med, often used with CF pts. |
| Methylxanthines | Inhibits bronchoconstriction, reduces PVR/dilates pulmonary blood vessels, enhances diaphragm contraction & endurance. Side-effects: improvement of resp drive, anxiety, irritability, insomnia, twitching, tremors, seizure. |
| Lidocaine | Used during bronchoscopy to prevent spasm, tx PVC(cardia arrythmia), admin as an IV drip. |
| Dobutrex | +INO, improves stroke volume by B1 stimulation |
| Digitalis | +INO, improves stroke volume by promoting free Ca+ for contraction. |
| Nitrates | Vasodilators reduce pre & after loads while improving coronary perfusion by dilation of coronary arteries. |
| Dopamine | High dose: vasopressor for tx low BP(shock) Moderate dose: B1 effects, Low dose: dilates renal vessels which promotes urine output = diuretic. |
| Oxygen | Non-flammable, non-explosive, promotes rapid combustion, will reduce PVR when it is secondary to low PAO2. |
| SSKI (Potassium Iodide) | Reduces mucus elasticity. |
| Calcium Channel Blockers | Tx of atrial arrythmias. |
| Singulair(Montelukast) | LT receptor agonist. |
| Tensilon | Dx & Tx of Myasthenia Gravis. |
| Aminophylline | A methylxanthine |
| Lidocaine overdose | Causes methemoglobin which darkens the arterial blood which changes skin color to gray/dusky appearance due to the low O2 content, may also cause seizure. |
Created by:
vgflgirl
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