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Asthma N210
Stack #14104
| Definition | Answer |
|---|---|
| bind to B2-receptors on bronchial smooth muscle->relax airway smooth muscle | B2 Agonist |
| Albuterol | short-acting B2 agonist |
| chronic lung disorder, recurrent acute exacerbations, inflammation, increased mucus production, bronchoconstriction bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) | Asthma |
| total volume of air expired as rapidly as possible | FVC (forced vital capacity) |
| volume of air expired 1 second from maximum inspiration | FEV1 (forced expiratory vollume) |
| Late Asthmatic Response | LAR |
| Bronchial hyperresponsiveness | BHR |
| max. flow rate that can be generated during forced expiration | PEFR (peak expiratory flow rate, L/sec) |
| short-acting B2 agonists (Albuterol); Anticholinergics (never frontline; always add-on therapy); Systemic corticosteroids | Quick Relief: short acting for Asthma |
| allergens; drugs/food (ASA, NSAIDS, beta blockers); emotions, GERD, occupational, viruses, environmental (pollution, cold air, ozone); exercise; smoking (passive & active) | triggers for Asthma |
| awakens at night; urgent care; increased need for short-acting B2 agonists; using >1 canister of short-acting B2 agonist per month | poor asthma control |
| I-inhaler technique; C-compliance: E-environmental change | poor asthma control-before increased meds check: ICE |
| corticosteroids; Cromolyn sodium or nedocromil; long-acting B2-agonist-Salmeterol); methylxanthines; leukotrine modifiers | long-term controller |
| tachycardia&palpitation; skeletal muscle tremor - dose related/tolerance; nervousness/anxiety; paradoxical bronchospasm; hypokalemia | inhaled B2-agonists ADR |
| competitive inhibition of muscarinic chollinergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronchodilation of large airways; Atravant-(Ipatropium bromide) | anticholinergic |
| inhibit LAR; < inflammation by inducing production of lipocortin-protein that inhibits synthesis & release of inflammatory mediators; onset is 6-8 hrs(time req'd for lipocortin sythesis | corticosteroid |
| inhibit inflammatory response at all levels - inhibit migration of eosinophils&neutrophils; inhibit synthesis(not release) of histamine from mast cells; inhibit production of prostaglandins & leukotrienes | cortiocsteroid |
| inhibit muscarinic actions of ACh at receptor sites; Examples are Atrovent (Ipatropium bromide) | anticholinergics |
| inhaled: beclomethasone, budesonide, flunisolide, fluticasone, triamcinolone. Systemic- methylprednisolone (IV) or prednisone (oral) | Corticosteroids |
| cough, oral candidiasis, systemic effects w/high dose- osteoporosis, skin thinning, easy bruising,HTN. Cannot stop cold turkey | ADR's of Corticosteroids |
| not appropriate for monotherapy; beneficial when added to inhaled corticosteroids. Examples are Salmeterol/Formoterol | Long-acting B2-agonists |
| combo products of corticosteroid & long-acting B2-agonist; preferred combo therapy for moderate&severe persistant asthma. Improves asthma control better than dbl dose of steroids | Advair Diskus (fluticasone/salmeterol) |
| significant bronchodilation w/n 1 hr; well-tolerated; few ADR; oral b/c leuks released sytemically. Ex.: zileutin (Zyflo), zafirlukast (Accolate), montelukast (Singulair) | Leukotriene inhibitor |
| anti-inflammatory; stabilizes mast cell membranes by inhibiting Ca++ influx; supresses both early&late phase reactions but nothing to already released; no bronchodilatory effects; 4-6 wks to benefit; no ADR but no longer preferred med -persistant asthma | Cromolyn Sodium |
Created by:
tallrvrgrl
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