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PSY 150 Chapter 12
Term | Definition | |
---|---|---|
Actualizing Tendency | According to Rogers, the natural drive in humans to strive for fulfillment and enhancement. | |
Anal Stage | Freud's second psychosexual stage, which occurs from approximately 18 months to 3 years of age, in which the parent's regulation of the child's biological urge to expel or retain feces affects personality developement. | |
Archetypes | According to Jung, mental representation or symbols of themes and predispositions to respond to the world in a certain way that are contained in the collective unconscious. | |
Basic Anxiety | According to Horney, the feeling of helplessness that develops in children from early relationships. | |
Behavioral Genetics | Field of study that examines the influence of genetics and hereditary factors on personality traits. | |
Cardinal Traits | According to Allport, those dominant elements of our personalities that drive all of our behaviors. | |
Central Traits | According to Allport, the tendencies we have to behave in a certain way across most situations. | |
Clinical Interview | The initial meeting between a client and a clinician in which the clinician asks questions to identify the difficulty in functioning that the person is experiencing. | |
Collective Unconscious | According to Jung, the part of the unconscious that contains images and material universal to people of all time periods and cultures. | |
Conscious Level | The level of consciousness that holds all the thoughts, perceptions, and impulses of which we are aware. | |
Defense Mechanism | A process used to protect the ego by reducing the anxiety it feels when faced with the conflicting demands of the id and the superego. | |
Ego | The conscious part of the personality that attempts to meet the demands of the id in a socially appropriate way. | |
Emotional Stability | Having control over one's emotions | |
Genital Stage | Freud's final psychosexual stage of development, which begins at puberty, in which sexual energy is transferred toward peers of the other sex (heterosexual orientation) or same sex (homosexual orientation). | |
Humanistic Approach | A personality perspective that emphasizes the individual, personal choice, and free will in shaping personality; assumes that humans have a built-in drive toward fulfilling their own natural potential. | |
Id | The unconscious part of the personality that seeks pleasure and gratification. | |
Introversion | Personality traits that involve energy directed inward, such as being calm or peaceful. | |
Latency Stage | Freud's fourth psychosexual stage of development, which occurs from around age 6 to puberty, in which the child's sexuality is suppressed due to widening social contacts with school, peers, and family. | |
Locus of Control | The expectation of control we have over the outcome of an event; an internal locus means we expect some degree of personal control, whereas an external locus means we expect little personal control. | |
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) | A personality inventory that is designed to identify problem areas of functioning in an individual's Personality | |
Neuroticism | The degree to which one is emotionally unstable. | |
Oedipus Complex | In the male, an unconscious sexual urge for the mother that develops during the phallic psychosexual stage. | |
Oral Stage | Freud's first psychosexual stage of development, which occurs during the first year of life, in which the handling of the child's feeding experiences affects personality development. | |
Person-Situation Interaction | The influence of the situation on the stability of traits | When in the same situation, we display similar behavior, but when the situation is different, behavior may change. |
Personal Unconscious | According to Jung, the part of the unconscious that consists of forgotten memories and repressed experiences from one's past. | |
Personality | The unique constellation of attitudes, emotions, thoughts, habits, impulses, and behaviors that define how a person typically behaves across situations. | |
Personality Inventory | An objective paper-pencil or computerized self-report form that measures personality on several dimensions. | |
Electra Complex | In the female, an unconscious sexual urge for the father that develops during the phallic psychosexual stage. | |
Phallic Stage | Freud's third psychosexual stage of development, which occurs between3 and 6 years of age, in which little boys experience the Oedipus complex and little girls the Electra complex. |