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Music prelude4
Music Appreciation Exam 4 Classical Era
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a Musical Idea used as a building block in a composition? | A theme |
| What is expansion of a theme using variation in it's melodic outline, rhythm or harmony? | Thematic Development |
| What is the smallest melodic or rhythmic unit of a theme? | A motive |
| Absolute music is described as.... | No prescribed story or text to hold the music together. The story is the music itself. |
| The classical era is often referred to as what? | The Rococo Era |
| What is melody centric? | What the classical era is often referred to as... \b Meaning single melodic line with a simple chordal accompaniment (homophony) \b |
| What is Standard multimovement cycle | three or four movements in prescribed forms and tempos |
| The First Movement of the typical multi-movement cycle is usually in what form? | Sonata-allegro form |
| The Second Movement of the typical multi-movement cycle is characterized by what? | Usually a slow movement characterized by lyrical melodies and is in a shortened sonata form or a theme and variations |
| The Third Movement is usually in what form? | often in a dance form and most commonly the minuet and trio |
| which dance form usually has two contrasting dances with the return of the first dance to conclude the set. | Minuet and Trio |
| What forms were the Fourth Movement of the typical multi-movement cycle usually in? | another sonata-allegro form or a spirited rondo. |
| Sonata-allegro form's three main sections were called what? | 1) exposition 2) Development 3) Recapitulation |
| Which part of the Sonata-allegro form stated the two opposing themes and their keys? | exposition |
| Which part of the sonata-allegro form features the most tension and drama through modulation and motivic interplay? | development |
| Which part of the sonata-allegro form restates the first and second themes, both in the tonic key, and is the psychological climax of the form? | recapitulation |
| Which genre flourished in the classical era, having it's 'Golden Age'? | Chamber Music |
| *Chamber Music is an ensemble for how many players? How many players per part? | ensemble music for two to about ten performers, with one player per part |
| The String Quartet is made up of what? | two violins, viola, and cello |
| The String Quartet in the Classical Era was considered.... | the most important chamber music genre of the era. |
| *Joseph Hayden worked where? How old was he? | he worked under the patronage of the Esterhazy court in the Classical Era at the age of 29. |
| What/Who's String Quartet was written for the emperor, becoming the national anthem of Germany? | Hayden's String Quartet Op. 76, No. 3 |
| Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was most famous for what? | for being a child prodigy who started to write music before the age of five. |
| What 6 genre's did Mozart contribute to? | the symphony, sonata, chamber music, concerto, sacred music, and various types of operas. |
| Who's music is notable for lyrical melodies, colorful orchestration, and dramatic content? | Mozart's music |
| Who was a choir boy of Vienna? | Joseph Hayden |
| Joseph Hayden received phenomenal musical success after from what? | from two trips to England. |
| Mozart rebelled against what? What was the result? | he rebelled against the Patronage system, and struggled to achieve financial independence. |
| Mozart died at what age? | 35 years old. |
| Which genre was the central position in chamber music of the classical era? | the String Quartet |
| Which serenade's first movement, by Mozart, is a good example of the sonata-allegro form? | Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, I (A Little Night Music) |
| Classical Symphony had its roots where? | in the Italian opera overture |
| How many movements were in the Pre-Classical Symphonies? | three movements |
| The three movements of the Pre-Classical Symphonies were derived from where? | the fast-slow-fast sections of the Italian opera overture |
| What type of music has no prescribed story or text to hold the music together and the story is the music? | Absolute Music |
| The Standard Multi-movement Cycle is often employed in what genres? | the Symphony, the Sonata, the String Quartet, the Concerto and many other various genres |
| Which movement of the Typical multi-movement cycle is usually the most highly organized and the longest movement? | the First movement of the typical multi-movement cycle |
| The minuet and trio was replaced by what? When? | the scherzo replaced this by the early 19th century |
| Which section came 1st in the sonata-allegro form? | exposition |
| Which section came 2nd in the sonata-allegro form? | development |
| Which section came 3rd in the sonata-allegro form? | recapitulation |
| What genre was considered the most important Chamber Music of the classical era? | Chamber Music |
| What is a rocket theme? | the use of quick, aggressive rhythmic theme rising from low to high register |
| What is the steamroller effect? | drawn out crescendos, slowly gathering force as they rose to a climax |
| What were 3 of the main contributions to the classical symphony made by composers in Mannheim, Germany? | the rocket theme, steamroller effect and the addition of the minuet and trio creating a 4 movement cycle. |
| What was the number of players typically in a Classical Orchestra? | 30-40 players |
| What section was the 'heat' of the classical orchestra? | the String section |
| How many movements were typically in the Classical Symphony? | 4 movements |
| What form was the first movement of the Classical Symphony in? | sonata-allegro form |
| The second movement of the Classical Symphony was usually in what form? | Slow, and usually in one of the following: theme and variation, modified sonata-allegro, or, most typically, in three-part A-B-A form. |
| The third movement of the Classical Symphony was usually a what? | a minuet and trio (replaced by schirzo by end of the classical era) |
| The fourth movement of the Classical Symphony was usually what pace and in what form? | Usually fast in sonata-allegro form or a rondo, serving as the finale. |
| What nick name did Hayden receive? | "Father of the Symphony" |
| Who was the "Father of the Symphony"? | Joseph Hayden |
| How many works did he contribute to the Classical Symphony? | over 100 |
| What did Beethoven do after rejected Patronage and how did he support himself financially? | he became a freelance musician and supported himself by teaching music lessons. |
| What did Beethoven suffer from later in life? | Hearing loss |
| How many symphonies did Beethoven produce? Why was this still considered significant? | Beethoven produced 9 symphonies, but all were considered the pinnacle of the genre |
| Which composer's compositional progression lead into the Romantic era? | Beethoven |
| How many forms does the classical concerto have and what's the temp? | three movements that alternate fast-slow-fast |
| What is one of the unique features of the solo concerto? | the cadenza |
| What is the cadenza? | A somewhat improvised solo passage that interrupts the movement towards the end. |
| What effect does the cadenza have? How? | The cadenza has a dramatic effect: the orchestra falls silent and the soloist launches into a free play of fantasy on one or more themes of the movement |
| What does the term concerto imply? | the opposition of two dissimilar elements, such as soloist, or solo group, vs an orchestra |
| What is the first movement of the Classical Concerto form? | sometimes described as a sonata-allegro form with a double exposition... the orchestra usually plays the first exposition with the soloist playing the second. |
| Who usually plays the first exposition in the first movement of the Classical Concerto? | the Orchestra |
| Who usually plays the second exposition in the first movement of the Classical Concerto? | the soloist |
| The second movement of the Classical Concerto is usually at what tempo? What type of melodies does it usually feature? | Slow, usually Andante, adagio, or largo, featuring songlike melodies |
| What are the characteristics describing the third movement of the Classical Concerto? | Really fast, with a temp of Allegro or Presto. Usually shorter than the first movement, in rondo form. Often features a cadenza that brings the piece to an end. |
| What often highlights the virtuosity of the soloist in Classical Concertos? | the cadenza |
| Classical Sonatas were set for whom? | one solo instrument (often the piano forte), or for duos |
| Who's sonata's were the most important in keyboard literature? | Beethoven's and Mozart's |
| How many piano sonatas did Beethoven write? | Beethoven wrote 32 piano sonatas |
| What were the dominant choral forms of the Classical era? | Mass, Requiem Mass, and oratorio |
| A musical setting of the most solemn service of the Roman Catholic Church is called, what? | Mass |
| What is a musical setting for the dead called? | Requiem Mass |
| What is the genre that is generally focused on a biblical story called? | oratorio |
| Serious Opera is called what? | Opera seria |
| What was comic opera called in Italy? | opera buffa |
| What was comic opera called in Germany? | Singspiel |
| What was comic opera called in France? | opera comique |
| What was comic opera called in England? | ballad or dialogue opera |
| What changed about choral music from the Baroque era to the Classical era? | these genres were no longer exclusively performed in the church and found their way into the concert hall |
| Opera was popular during what era? | the classical era |
| Which opera form featured recitatives and arias? | opera seria |
| The recitatives and arias featured in opera seria were specifically designed to do what? | display the virtuosity of the star singers |
| Who reformed opera seria, creating a highly expressive drama with a lot of crows appeal? | Gluck |
| What style of opera flourished in all countries? | comic operas |
| Which social class was the opera seria popular for? | aristocrats |
| What was the response of the aristocratic opera seria? | comic operas |
| Which social class was the comic opera popular for? | middle class |
| What language were comic operas usually in? | the vernacular |
| Who had a centralized role in the comic operas? | the buffo |
| Who was the buffo? | A buffoon who spoke the the audience in a bass voice |
| what tonality was the buffo's voice? | bass |
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