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Section 13
Emotions, Stress, and Health
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Basic Emotions | simple, natural emotions such as fear, anger, sadness, and joy |
| Self-Conscious Emotions | complex, learned emotions such as jealousy, pride, shame, and embarassment |
| Emotional Attribution | the process of assigning causes to feelings of arousal |
| Misattribution | an explanation that shifts the perceived cause of arousal from the true source to another source |
| Counter-Factual Thinking | we generate our happiness/misery by imagining alternative scenarios and outcomes that might have happened but did not |
| Social Comparison | we evaluate our happiness/misery by comparing ourselves to others |
| Adaption Level | we evaluate our happiness/misery by comparing current experience to past experience |
| distress | stress that results from unpleasant, undesirable situations or events |
| eustress | stress that results from pleasant desirable situations or events |
| Approach-Approach Conflict | forced choice between two or more desirable alternatives-proverbial kid in the candy store |
| Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict | forced choice between two or more undesirable alternatives-proverbial being caught between a rock and a hard place |
| Approach-Avoidance Conflict | forced choice between two or more alternatives that have both desirable and undesirable results-desirable from a distance, undesirable up to close |
| Type A personality | characteristics including intense ambition, competition, exaggerated time urgency, and a cynical, hostile outlook |
| Type B Personality | characteristics consistent with a calm, patient, and relaxed attitude |
| Hardy Personality | resilient personality that includes a strong commitment to personal goals, control over life, and viewing change as a challenge rather than a threat |
| Lifestyle Disease | a disease related to health-damaging personal habits |
| Behavior Risk Factors | behaviors that increase the chances of disease, injury, or premature death |
| Primary Appraisal | deciding if a situation constitutes a threat or a challenge |
| Secondary Appraisal | deciding how to cope with a threat or a challenge |
| Problem-Focused Coping | changing a situation so as to lessen the amount of stress being generated |
| Emotion-Focused Coping | managing or controlling one's reaction to the situation so as to experience less stress |
| Escape | reducing discomfort by physically leaving a stressful situation or by psychologically withdrawing from it |
| Anxiety | apprehension, dread, uneasiness similar to fear but based on an unclear threat |
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