click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Procedures Test 3
tubes, infection, oxygen
Question | Answer |
---|---|
what is the term that describes a decrease in oxygen available to tissues? | hypoxia |
When is oxygen therapy needed? | to correct hypoxia and hypoxemia, to minimize the cardiopulmonary workload |
What organs are most sensitive to hypoxia? | brain, heart, lungs, and liver |
T/F: Oxygen is a drug. | True |
What are the different dosages oxygen is ordered? | *liters per minute (2LPM) *percentage of concentration (24%) *fractional concentration (0.24) |
What are the different forms oxygen comes in? | pressurized gas & liquid oxygen |
How is oxygen delivery measured? | liters per minute |
What does hypoxemia mean? | a condition of decreased oxygen concentration in the blood |
T/F: when xraying a patient and they are on oxygen, it is acceptable to remove/ disconnect their oxygen line just for the time when taking images and then reconnecting afterwards. | False; under no circumstances should an oxygen device be completely removed from the patient for the purpose of taking a radiograph without consent. |
What are the 2 different types of oxygen delivery systems? | low and high flow |
Which delivery system is known as variable oxygen? | low flow |
What is the most common device to deliver low concentration of oxygen? | nasal cannula |
What is the kind of delivery system that meets or exceeds the inspiratory needs of the patient? | high flow |
When a patient is given oxygen thru a nasal cannula what can be done if higher flow rates are needed? | humidity can be added when flow rates are higher than 4 LPM. Higher flows can dry out the nasal mucosa and cause patient discomfort. |
If a patient's oxygen on the wall outlet reads 5 what does that mean? | that patient receives 5 liters of oxygen per minute. |
What does the pressure manometer indicate? | pressure or volume of oxygen inside the cylinder or canister |
What does the flowmeter control? | operates the rate of oxygen flow in liters per minute to the patient. |
If a patient is going to get an MRI and need/require oxygen what kind of tanks must the patient be connected to? | tanks/cylinders must be made out of aluminum |
Name the low flow oxygen delivery devices. | nasal cannula, simple oxygen mask, nonrebreathing mask |
Which low-flow oxygen delivery device gives the most oxygen amount when used? | norebreathing mask can deliver 60-80% oxygen depending on how tight the mask fits on the face |
What is high-flow oxygen also known as? | fixed or precise |
What high-flow delivery device is also known as a venturi mask? | air-entrainment mask |
When is a mechanical ventilator used? | when the cardiopulmonary system of a patient is unable to supply adequate oxygen to the tissue. |
What does it mean when a patient intubated? | inserting an endotracheal tube (ET) into either the mouth or nose and advanced beyond the larynx into the trachea. |
Where should an ET tube be positioned? | the distal tip should be positioned 1-2" superior to the tracheal bifurcation |
How does an individual know if an ET tube is in the right location? | CXR |
Why is it common for an ET tube to be inserted into the right main bronchus? | the right bronchus has less of an angle than the left when branching off the trachea. |
What is a tracheostomy? | surgical procedure under sterile technique; creates an opening to the trachea that provides access for a breathing tube. Instead of having an ET tube for long term ventilator patients. |
Which device provides an accurate concentration of oxygen by forcing oxygen through a narrow valve at high velocity? | air-entrainment mask |
When using an air-entrainment mask what does the high velocity flow do? | draws in (entrains) and mixes with room air before entering the mask |
T/F: Tracheostomy is performed under sterile technique | true |
Taking a CXR when a patient has chest tubes is determining what? | *proper placement *possible removal *confirm lung expansion after removal |
If a patient has a chest tube and the insertion site is downward what is being removed? | fluid |
When looking at a CXR, if there is blunting of the costophrenic angles what does this mean? | pleural fluid is present |
When looking for penumothoraces, what is the patient's respiration? | expiration |
Where should the chest tube drainage system be in a patients room? | lower than the patients chest; normally on the floor. |
What kind of lines are catheters that are placed into large veins? | central venous (CV) lines |
What are the purposes for CV (central venous) lines? | *administer drugs *deliver parenteral nutrition *manage fluid volume *provide conduit for blood analysis & transfusions *monitor cardiac pressures |
What will the physician order after a chest tube is removed? | CXR |
What does PICC stand for? | Peripherally inserted central catheters |
What kind of lines are inserted into the basilic or cephalic veins? | PICC |
Where should the tip of all CV lines be positioned? | into the superior vena cava and 2-3cm superior to the right atrial junction |
Where is the most common insertion site for CV lines? | subclavian vein |
What might patients have to require them to have chest tubes? | pneumothorax, hemothorax, pleural effusion, empyema, post cardiac surgery |
T/F: The tip of all central venous lines should be positioned in a central vein. | False; not PA (pulmonary arterial line) |
What is the function of PA lines? | monitor pulmonary arterial pressures in order to determine left ventricular pressure |
T/F: PA lines are the only central catheters that advance beyond the superior vena cava. | True |
What are nasogastric tubes (NG)? | plastic or rubber tubes inserted through the nose into the stomach |
What are the functions of NG tubes? | *deliver medication *gastric decompression (removal of gas or fluid) *short-term enteral feeding |
What are nasoenteric tubes? | placed through mouth into duodenum or jejunum |
What is another name for nasoenteric tubes? | dobhoff tubes |
What are PEG tubes? | percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy tube; a tube inserted into the stomach through the abdominal wall when oral intake is inadequate. |
What are the 2 main types of urinary catheters? | *foley *straight |
Where should the urine collection bag be kept? | below the level of bladder to prevent infection and facilitated drainage |
What is the most common cause of nosocomial infection? | urinary catheters |
what are nosocomial infections? | healthcare acquired infections |
What is an ostomy? | creation of stoma for elimination of bowel contents is created when a section of the intestine has been removed |
what is it called when the opening is from the ileum? | ileostomy |
What is the main difference between the straight catheter and the foley catheter? | the foley catheter has a retention balloon on the end of it to hold the catheter in place; filled with sterile water. |
What is establishment and growth of a microorganism on or in a host, resulting in injury to the host? | infection |
what is the disturbance in the state of health wherein the body cannot carry out all its normal functions? | disease |
What are examples of infectious agents? | bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa |
Microorganisms that live on or in the body but do not usually cause disease are called what? | normal flora |
Is bacteria eukaryotic or prokaryotic? | prokaryotic (lack nucleus) |
What are the three general morphologies of bacteria? | *cocci(spheres) *spirals *bacilli (rods) |
T/F: bacteria can adapt and become resistant. | true |
What is streptococcal pharyngitis? | strep throat |
What is Klebsiella pneumoniae? | bacterial pneumonia |
What is clostridium botulinum? | food poisoning |
What is staphylococcus aureus? | staph infection |
T/F: Bacteria cannot live outside a living cell. | false; they can live outside a living cell. |
the common cold and chicken pox are examples of what? | viruses |
What is Rhinovirus? | common cold |
What is infectious mononucleosis? | Epstein-Barr virus |
What is varicella-zoster? | chicken pox |
What are the two forms of fungi? | mold & yeast |
What is larger bacteria or fungi? | fungi |