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Pediatrics

QuestionAnswer
Pre-term <36 weeks gestation
Term >36 weeks gestation
Neonate <1 month
Infant 1 month-1 year
Child 1-12 years
Adolescent 12-16 years
Otitis media episodes 3 episodes in 6 months or more than 4 episodes in a year
Otitis media presentation fever, otalgia, otorrhea (discharge from ear), changes in balance and hearing, irritability, difficulty sleeping, lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea
Otitis Media Risk Factors Native American, Eskimo, Alaskan, family history of OM or resp tract infections, day care environment, smoking parents, non breast fed, pacifier use
antimicrobials in OM S. pneumonia, H. influenza, M. catarhalis
Treatment of OM Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Ceftriaxone, Clindamycin
what to do if resistant to S. Pneumonia in OM? increase dose of Amoxicillin, switch to Augmentin, use ceftriaxone or clindamycin
other therapies for OM IBU or APAP; ottic analgesics like auralgan or Americane (antipyrazine-benzocaine); otikon ottic
immunization for OM pneunococccal, H. influenza, live intranasal influenza vaccine
otitis externa inflammation of outter ear; swimmer's ears
common pathogens in otitis externa pseudomonas, s. aureus, bacillus, proteus
treatment of otitis externa neomycin/polymixin/HC (Corticosporine Otic); Ciprofloxacin, Cipro HC, Ofloxacin, Floxin, Acetic acid and HC Otic solutions (VoSol HC Otic)
cystic fibrosis presentation chronic cough, wheezing, hyperinflation of lungs, lower resp. tract infections, poor digestion of proteins/fats, cirrhosis and cholelthiasis, pancreatic dysfxn, malnutrition, nasal polyps, pulmonary, high NaCl in sweat, male/female infertility
pathogens in cystic fibrosis s. aureus, h. influenza, pseudomonas, proteus, klebsiella, stenotropomaltophilia
antibiotic treatment in CF treatment to cover s. aureus, h. influenza, pseudomonas, burkholderia (ceftax) and steno (pip); chronic inhaled abx (tobramycin)
Cystic fibrosis treatment pancreatic enzymes, fat soluble vitamins, nebulization therapy, mucomyst, recombinant human DNas, ursodeoxycholic acid, bronchodilators, antibiotics, IBU, corticosteroids
pancreatic enzymes creon, pancrease, pancrelipase, ultrase; dose with meals and snacks
fat soluble vitamins ADEK
N-acetylcysteine mucomyst
recombinany human DNAse dornase alpha, pulmozyme
ursodeoxycholic acid ursodiol, Actigall; aids in dissolution of stones with cholethiasis
bronchodilators beta agonists, theophylline
stimulant ADRs anorexia, ab pain, HA, insomnia, jitteriness, social withdrawal, transient motor tics, methylphenidate: seizures, TCAs: cardiotoxicity, Atomexetine: increase suicide in children and adolescents
stimulants are not for children less than 6 years
short acting stimulant: Methylphenidate Methylin, Ritalin
intermediate acting methylphenidate Ritalin SR, metadate ER, Methylin ER
long acting methylphenidate Concerta, Metadate CD, Ritalin LA, Daytrana
short acting amphetamine dexedrine, dextrostat
intermediate acting amphetamine adderall, dexedrine spansule
long acting amphetamine aderall XR
TCAs second line therapy for ADHD, imipramine, desipramine
Bupropion second line for ADHD; Wellbutrin, Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL
dexmethylphenidate Focalin
Atomexetine Strattera; BBW for liver injury and suicide ideation
Clonidine can be used for ADHD; good for coexisting conditions such as sleep disturbances
promethazine CI in <2 years due to resp dperession and death
elidel + protopic not for <2 years due to cancer
severent diskus, advair diskus, and foradil increase severity of asthma attack and death when attack occurs
diagnosis of cystic fibrosis Chloride in sweat of 60-80
Created by: cytoskeletor
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