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Anti-infectives
gram + antibiotics, quinolones, macrolides tetracyclines, sulfonamides
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Linezolid | Zyvox |
| Linezolid spectrum | bacteriostatic against staph and enterococci; bacteriocidal against strep; active against E. faecium |
| Linezolid ADR | myelosuppression, MAOI |
| Quinipristin-Dalfopristin | Synercid |
| Synercid spectrum | bacteriocidal against staph and strep; bacteriostatic against e. faecium, VRE |
| synercid ADR | thromboplebitis, hyperbilirubinemia, arthralgias/myalgias |
| vancomycin spectrum | bacteriocidal against all except enterococci; act synergistically with aminos against enterococci |
| vanco ADRs | nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, thrombophlebitis, red man syndrome |
| vanco trough | 5-10 |
| vanco peak | 20-40 |
| Quinolone spectrum | gram +: staph, variable strep, newer agents better gram + than older, not good for enterococci, MRSA; gram negatiives: salmonella, klebsiella, enterobacter, citro, proteus, shigella, klebsiella, m. catarhalis, h. influenza; poor anaerobic; new bet 4 atyp |
| quinolones ADRs | nausea, dyspepsia, HA, dizziness, insomnia, QT prolongation, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, crystalluria, arthropathy, tenodonitis, photosensitivity, rash, urticaria, leukopenia, and hepatotoxicity |
| quinolones DDIs | theophylline, antacids, sucralfate, oral anticoags, QT prolongation meds |
| quinolones PK | concentration dependent |
| macrolides spectrum | SSCC BELTCUM; Staph, strep, c. perfringens, c. diphtheriae; B. burgdoferi, E. histolytica, Listeria, Treponema pallidum; C. pneumonia, Ureaplasma Urealytica, M. pneumonia |
| macrolides ADRs | GI, QT prolongation, ototoxicity |
| tetracycline spectrum | respiratory: atypicals, genitalia, systemic, MRSA/MRSE, prophylax against p. falciparum (proteus and pseudo still resistant) |
| tetracycline ADR | tooth discoloration in children, photosensitivity, hepatotoxicity, mino- lupus like, vestibular side effects, mucous membrane pigmentation, GI intolerance, phlebitis |
| tetracycline DDI | antacids, anticonvulsants, cholestyramine, colestipol, warfarin, demeclocycline |
| Sulfonamides spectrum | gram +: MSSA, MRSA, strep, bacillus anthrasis, c. perfringens; gram -: enterobacter, e. coli, klebsiella, proteus, salmonella, shigella; c. trachomatis, toxoplasmosis gondii, plasmodium |
| sulfonamides ADRs | hypersensitivity, dermatologic including SJS |
| bacteriostatic antibiotis | tetracycline |
| concentration dependent antibiotics | quinolones |
| bacteriocidal antibiotics | aminos, pens, cephs, quinolones |