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Anti-Infectives

Aminos, Penicillins, Cephalosporins

QuestionAnswer
aminoglycosides spectrum most gram negative aerobics; some gram positive aerobics; not good against anaerobes; Seratia, Pseudomonas, Enterobacteraciae, MAC, M. tb, SPACE in combo, Listeria, Enterococci, Staph, Strep (SPEMMS LESS)
which of the aminoglycosides has the broadest spectrum? amikacin
which aminoglycoside is used against serratia and acitinobacter? gentamicin
which aminoglycoside is only given IM? streptomycin
Which aminoglycoside is most active against pseudomonas? Tobramycin
ADRs of aminoglycosides nephrotoxicity (troughs: amikacin>8, gent/tobra>2); neuromuscular blockade, ototoxicity
target trough for gent/tobra <2
target trough for amikacin <5
target peak for gent/tobra 4-10
target peak for amikacin 15-30
extended interval dosing; gent/tobra trough <1
extended interval dosing; amikacin trough <3
spectrum of natural penicillins viridans strep, s. pyogenes, 60% of s. pneumonia, mouth anaerobes, C. perfringens
spectrum of pen resistant penicillins nafcillin/oxacillin; MSSE, MSSA
carboxypen and ureidopens spectrum proteus, klebsiella (not ticarcillin), enterobacter, pseudomonas (pip>tic), add to aminos for serious gram -; ureidos--> strep, enterococci, most Enterobacteraciae, pseudo, b frag, fusobacterium, clostridium, peptostrep, b-lactams, h. influenza
beta lactamase inhibitors spectrum S. aureus, h influ, m. catarhalis, bacteroids, e. coli, eneterobacteraciae (not SPACE)
augmentin spectrum H. influenza, m. catarhalis, klebsiella, MSSA, anaerobes
timentin spectrum more of augmentin
zosyn more gram +, gram -, anaerobic than timentin; pseudomonas
penicillins ADRs allergy, N/V, neurologic reactions, hypokalemia, hypernaetremia, increase LFTs (oxa/naf), cholestatic jaundice (ureido), hematologic reactions, interstial nephritis
Pencillin DDIs probenecid, aminos, OCs
cefepime maxipime
ceftazidime fortaz
ceftriaxone rocephan
1st generation cephs cefadroxil, cephalexin, cefazolin, cephradrine
2nd generation cephs cefaclor, cefmetazole, cefotetan, cefoxitin, cefprozil, cefuroxime, cefamandole, loracarbacef
3rd generation ceps cefixime, cefdinir, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, ceftibuten, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxonel
4th generation cephs cefepime
1st generation ceph spectrum gram + extensive (staph, strep, s. pyogenes, s. agalactiae)
2nd generation ceph spectrum gram + similar to first gen; gram - --> SPACE, klebsiella, h. influenza
3rd generation ceph decreased gram + coverage; gram negs cover SPACE, H. influenza, some can cover Pseudo (ceftax and cefoperazone)
4th generation cephs spectrum increased gram +, but not good for MRSA, entercocci, listeria; extensive gram negative
cephs ADRs hypersensitivity, GI, nephrotoxicity, seizures, c. diff, bleeding, hypoprothormbinemia, blood dyscrasias
cephs DDIs disulfiram-like (rare), probenecid
Created by: cytoskeletor
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