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first 9 wks test
study guide for first 9 weeks test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are some safety precautions you should use when using acids? | Wear apron, goggles, and gloves. Tie long hair back and push sleeves up. Add acid to water by pouring down a stirring rod. Notify teacher immediately of any spills and get directions for clean up. |
| What are some safety precautions for using the Bunsen Burners? | Wear apron, and glasses or goggles(if chemicals are used). Tie long hair back, remove bulky clothing and hanging jewelry, push up sleeves. Clear Table. Notify teacher immediately of burns. |
| What are some safety precautions you should use when doing a lab with no chemicals? | Wear safety glasses and follow all directions. |
| What device measures mass? | chemical balance |
| What device measures volume of liquids? | graduated cylinder |
| What device measures Distance? | meter stick, metric ruler, metric tape measure |
| What device measures Time? | Stop watch |
| What device measures Force or Weight? | Spring Scale |
| What are the steps to lighting the Bunsen burner? | 1. Close both air and gas valves on the burner 2. Open gas valve 1 turn and air 1/4 Turn on gas at the table (aligned with nozzle) 4. Light with a flint striker 5. Adjust oxygen valve to get clear blue flame. |
| Name the main metric prefixes and what they represent | kilo = 1000 hector = 100 deka = 10 deci = 1/10 centi = 1/100 milli = 1/1000 |
| What is the metric unit used to measure mass? | grams (g) or kg |
| What is the metric unit used to measure volume of liquids? | liter (L) |
| What is the metric unit used to measure distance? | meter (m) |
| What is the metric unit used to measure time? | second (s) |
| What is the metric unit used to measure temperature? | degrees Celsius (degrees C) or Kelvin (K) |
| What is the metric unit used to measure density? | g/mL or g/cm3 |
| What is density and how is it measured? | Density is mass per unit volume. To calculate it you measure both mass and volume. Then you take mass/volume to find density. |
| How do you read a measurement to the correct number of decimal places? | You always read to one more decimal place than the device has lines for. This is your "guess between the lines". If a measurement is directly on a line, your next decimal "guess" is zero. (See Targets for Examples). |
| Convert 45 mL to L. | 0.045 L |
| Convert 2500 g to kg. | 2.5 kg |
| Convert 23 cm to mm. | 230 mm |
| Define Hypothesis. | a hypothesis is a testable solution to a problem in science based on observation and research |
| Define Experiment. | Experiments are controlled ways to test a hypothesis. You always change only 1 variable and keep everything else constant. |
| Define Independent Variable. | The independent variable is the variable the experimenter changes on purpose. Everything else in kept constant. |
| Define Dependent Variable. | The dependent variable in an experiment changes because of the or "depending on" the independent variable. |
| Define Constant. | Constants are all the other variables in an experiment that the experimenter DOES NOT change. |
| Define Control. | The control group is one experimental group that no changes are made to. It is used to compare results of the other groups to. |
| Define Bias in an experiment. | Bias is when an experimenter "sees" the results they expect to see and builds a scotoma to other results. They have others do their experiments to avoid this. |
| If in the lab we change the force pushing on a toy car to see how its speed is changed, what is the independent variable? toy car | The independent variable is the amount of force used. |
| If in the lab we change the force pushing on a toy car to see how its speed is changed, what is the dependent variable? | The dependent variable is the speed. |
| When is it best to use a bar graph in science? | When representing something counted use a bar graph. |
| When is it best to use a line graph in science? | When you have two variables changing use a line graph. |
| When is it best to use a pie or circle graph in science? | When you have percentages or parts of a whole use a circle or pie graph. |
| One a line graph where does the independent variable go? | It goes on the x axis or the bottom. |
| Explain how you read a graph. | You start by finding the number given on one of the two axis. Then follow up or over from that number on the axis until you intercept the line drawn on the graph. Then go down or over to the other axis and read the corresponding number. |
| Define Potential Energy. | Potential Energy is stored energy due to height or position. It depends on mass and height. |
| Define Kinetic Energy. | Kinetic Energy is the energy something has because it is moving. It depends on speed and mass. |
| How do potential energy and kinetic energy change when a plane dives? | KE increases and PE decreases. |
| How do potential energy and kinetic energy change when a plane climbs? | PE increases and KE decreases. |
| Explain the 4 forces involved in flight | Thrust, Weight, Lift, and Drag. (see Target!)Thrust is forward and comes from the engine. Drag is air resistance and opposes Thrust. Lift is upwards and Weight is the pull of gravity downwards. |
| Apply Newton's first law of motion to flight. | A plane at rest will stay at rest and a plane with balanced forces that is moving will keep moving at the same speed in the same direction. |
| Apply Newton's second law of motion to flight. | When an unbalanced force acts on a plane it will accelerate. |
| Apply Newton's third law of motion to flight. | When a prop pushes air backwards, the air pushes the prop (and attached plane) forwards. |
| Apply Newton's law of Universal Gravitation to an airplane and the earth. | The bigger the plane is the more gravitational attraction, and the closer to the earth the more gravitational attraction. |
| Use the Bernoulli Principle to explain flight. | Air going over the top of a wing moves faster and creates lower pressure. So there is more pressure under the wing and less pressure over the wing. When this pressure difference is greater than gravity the plane will lift off the ground. |
| Explain how the main control surfaces of a plane change the forces and affect the motion of a plane. | The ailerons control roll. The rudder controls yaw (right and left). The elevator controls pitch (up and down). |
| What is inertia? What is it based on? | Inertia is an objects resistance to change in motion. The more mass the more inertia. Larger things are harder to get moving and harder to stop moving. |
Created by:
tbrandt
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