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Dermatological
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Propionibacterium Acnes | gram positive anaerobic rod that produces enzymes, lipases |
| Topical therapy for acne | Benzoyl peroxide, sulfur, salicylic acid, resorcinol (usually used with sulfur) |
| benzoyl peroxide | releases oxygen to destroy propionebacterium, exfoliates skin, alternate one week with topical BP and one week with topical abx; Clearasil, Exact, Neutrogena, Noxzema, Oxy-10, Benzac, Zapzypt; use sunscreen |
| Sulfur | keratolytic and antibacterial; SAStid soap |
| topical antibiotics | clindamycin; erythromycin (theramycin, benzamycin, emgel) |
| erythromycin counseling points | wait 1 hour before applying any other topical meds; response in 4-12 weeks |
| retinoids counseling points | dont use astrigents or harsh soaps to clean face; apply QOD for first two weeks to adjust to drying effects; use QHS after 2 weeks; use sunscreen |
| retinoids | tretinoin; adalapene; tazarotene; alitretinoin |
| tretinoin | retin A; Renova; Avita |
| adalapene | differin |
| tazorotene | tazorac |
| alitretinoin | panretin |
| Azelaic acid 20% | if sensitivity develops,d/c; other topical meds must be applied on different time of day; ADR: temp dryness and irritation, hypopigmentation |
| antimicrobials for acne | tetracycline, minocycline, erythromycin, doxycycline |
| iPLEDGE program | isotretinoin registering program to minimize fetal exposure; prescribers, patients, pharmacies and wholesalers must register |
| isotretinoin counseling | should be taken with fatty meal; first month may see worst effects but improve in week 6 |
| isotretinoin ADRs | cheilitis, dry mouth,, dry skin, pruritis, dry nose, dry eyes, muscular soreness, HA, HLP, decreased night vision, thinning of hair, easily injured skin, peeling of palms and soles, acute depression |
| prom pills | 7-10 day course of prednisone 20 mg will suppress acne for social event |
| Tinea capitis | ringwork of scale --> oral systemic therapy |
| tinea pedis | athlete's foot; self treat, if ineffective, then oral therapy |
| tinea cruris | jock itch; self treat --> oral |
| tinnea ungium | onychomycosis ; oral therapy |
| tinea corporis | ringworm of skin; self treat --> oral |
| OTC antifungal treatment | terbinafine, micronazole, clotrimazole, tolnaftate, undecyclenic acid |
| teribinafine 1% | lamisil AT |
| miconazole 2% | micatin |
| clotrimazole 1% | lotrimin AF, desenex AF |
| tolnaftate | tinactin, aftate, Blis-To-Sol, Dr Scholls fungi solution |
| undecyclenic acid 10-25% | crurex, desenex |
| prescription topical antifungal treatment | econazole, naftitifine, ciclopirox, butenafine |
| econazole | spectazole, ecostatin |
| nafitifine | naftin |
| ciclopirox | loprox, penlac |
| butenafine | mentax |
| systemic antifungal therapy | griseofulvin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, terbinafine |
| alopecia treatment | minoxidil (rogaine) OTC; propecia (finasteride) Rx only |
| rogaine counseling points | apply 1 ml BID; use 4 hours before going to bed to avoid soiling linens; wash hands after applying; may be applied without shampooing; women avoid 5% because can lead to facial hair, can use @5; 4-6 months will see results; |
| rogaine failure | if no results in 8 months for women or 12 months for men, should d/c |
| rogaine ADR | scalp dermatitis, hypertrichosis in other areas, rarely systemic side effects, CI < 18 years, CI <prego or breastfeeding |
| finasteride - how long it takes to work | 3 months to see effectiveness |
| finasteride ADR | gynecomastia, sexual dysfunction; CI in women of child bearing age; no use in post menopausal women |
| emollients | petrolatum; mineral oil |
| humectants | glycerin (corn husker's oil), propylene glycol, phospholipids |
| keratin softening agents | urea 10-20%, lactic acid, allantoin |
| urea 10-30% | aquacare, carmol |
| lactic acid 2-5% | lacticare, lowila care |
| allantoin | alphosyl, psorex, tegrin |
| antipruritic agents | camphor and menthol, local anesthetics (benzocaine and pramoxine), colloidal oatmeal (aveeno), systemic antihistamines, hydrocortisone ointment>cream (dont use more than 5-7 days) |
| astringents | aluminum acetate, hammamelis water |
| aluminum acetate | Burrow's solution, Domeborough |
| hammamelis water | witch hazel |
| protectants | zinc oxide |
| benzoyl alcohol | antipruritis |
| topical immunomodulators | tacrolimus and pimecrolimus |
| tacrolimus topical | protopic |
| pimecrolimus | elidel |
Created by:
cytoskeletor
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