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Kines Final
Kinesiology Final (written)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many bones are in the foot/ankle complex? | 26 |
| How many joints are in the foot/ankle complex? | >30 |
| What bone forms the roof and medial wall of the ankle mortise? | tibia |
| What bone forms the lateral border of the ankle mortise? | fibula |
| The fibula bears __% of the weight | 10-15% |
| What bone is the keystone of the foot? | talus |
| How many bones does the talus articulate with? What are their names? | 4: tibia, fibula, calcaneus, navicular |
| The talus is part of __(#) major joints | 3 |
| What is the only bone in the foot without a muscular attachment? | talus |
| __% of the talus is covered with cartilage | 60% |
| Is the talus wider anteriorly or posteriorly? | anteriorly |
| What 2 structure form the tarsal sinus/canal? | sulcus calcanei + sulcus tali |
| Angle of incidence | angle of talus on calcaneus (35-40 degrees) |
| Flatter angle of incidence -> | more movement (sheering) |
| Midfoot (bones) | navicular,cuboid, cuneiforms |
| Navicular posterior facet (convex/concave?) | CONCAVE posterior facet (for convex head of talus) |
| Navicular articulates with... | talus (post), and 3 cuneiforms (ant) |
| Which cuneiform is the largest? | 1st |
| Which cuneiform is recessed for stability? | 2nd |
| Which cuneiform articulates with a metatarsal? | all of them |
| Cuboid articulates with __ metatarsals | 2 metatarsals (#4 + 5) |
| Cuboid has a lateral groove for ____ | Fibularis longus (insertion) |
| Cuboid articulates with ___, anteriorly, and ___, posteriorly | 4th + 5th metatarsals (ant), calcaneus(post) |
| Forefoot (bones) | metatarsals, phalanges |
| Metatarsals have a convex ___ and concave ___ | convex head, concave base |
| Which metatarsal has a styloid process? | 5th |
| Which metatarsal is the most mobile? | 1st |
| Which metatarsal is recessed for stability? | 2nd |
| What is a "ray?" | Metatarsal + associated cuneiform (1-3) |
| Morton's toe | congenital insufficiency (2nd toe longer than other toes) |
| How many phalanges does the 1st toe have? | 2 |
| What special structure is located in the plantar aspect of flexor hallucis brevis? | sesamoid bone (anatomic pulley) |
| Plane of motion + axis: dorsi/plantarflexion | sagittal plane, frontal/oblique axis |
| Plane of motion + axis: eversion/inversion (foot) | frontal plane, longitudinal axis |
| Plane of motion + axis: abduction/adduction (foot) | transverse plane, vertical axis |
| How many planes of motion are involved in pronation/supination (of the foot)? | 3 |
| Pronation is a combination of these motions | dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction, IR (of leg) |
| Supination is a combination of these motions | plantarflexion, inversion, adduction, ER (of leg) |
| Superior tib-fib joint (type of joint) | plane synovial (concave fibula, convex tibia) |
| Motion of superior tib-fib joint | sup/inf slide, rotation of fibular |
| Inferior tib-fib joint (type of joint) | SYNDESMOSIS (no capsule; concave fib on |
| Tibial torsoin (normal angle) | 12-18 degrees |
| Most congruent joint in human body | talocrural joint (ankle) |
| Talocrural joint = | hinge, 1 DF, convex talus on concave tibia/fibula |
| DF Talocrural joint | 1 |
| Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion occurs around a __ axis | (frontal-) oblique |
| Roll/glide dorsiflexion | ant roll, post glide |
| Roll/glide plantarflexion | post roll, ant glide |
| Lateral talocural ligaments | anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, posterior talofibular |
| Medial talocrural ligaments | deltoid ligament, spring ligament |
| Subtalar joint (type, motion, axis, CP) | 1 DF, sup/pronation, axis = 42 de sup from trans, 16 de med. from sagital, CP = supination |
| Subtalar supination (NWB; calcaneal motions) | calcaneal inversion, adduction, plantarflexion |
| Calcaneovalgus (aka) | excessive pronation |
| Calcaneovarus (aka) | excessive supination |
| Subtalar supination (WB; talus) | talar abduction, dorsiflexion, tib/fib ER |
| Form closure | inherent stability of a joint (static stabilizers) |
| Force closure | stability of joint via muscular contraction |
| Type of joint (SI) | plane synovial |
| What muscles provide force closure to the SI joint? | Posterior (glut max + latissimus), anterior (obliques + adductors) |
| Open kinetic chain supination | calcaneal adduction, plantarflexion, inversion |
| Open kinetic chain pronation | calcaneal abduction, dorsiflexion, eversion |
| Closed kinetic chain supination | talar abduction, inversion, dorsiflexion |
| Closed kinetic chain pronation | talar eversion, adduction, plantarflexion |
| Extreme of supination -> | pronatory twist (evert, abduct) |
| Extreme of pronation -> | supinatory twist (inversion, adduct) |
| Posture | position of carrying one's body (optimize efficiency, support) |
| static posture | posture when staying still |
| dynamic posture | posture with movement |
| postural control | ability to maintain stability |
| static postural control | maintain stability against gravity |
| ideal posture | all body segments align vertically |
| Plumb line through body | ext. auditory meatus -> vert. body of lumbar -> greater troch. -> ant axis of knee -> slightly ant. to lateral malleolus |
| Sway-back posture | head forward, T=kyphosis, L=flexion, post pelvic tilt |
| Military-type posture | lumbar lordosis, ant. pelvic tilt |
| kyphosis-lordosis posture | head forward, T=kyphosis, L=lordosis, pelvis = ant. tilt |
| flat back | head forward, trunk straight |
| lordosis -> | stress on lumbosacral angle |
| postural pain syndrome | pain from mech. stress (prolonged poor posture) |
| postural dysfunction | adaptive shortening of muscle |
| Upper-crossed posture (tightness + weakness) | tight upper traps, tight pecs + weak rhomboids, lower traps, deep neck flexors |
| Lower-crossed posture (tightness + weakness) | tight erector spinae, iliopsoas + weak abs, gluts |
| Top causes of back strains/sprains | lifting (57%), falls (20%), push/pull (12%) |
| Top causes of back pain | strain (83%), sprain (10%), contusion (2.3%), herniated disk (.4%) |
| Ergonomics -> | comfort, less strain, more efficiency |
| Anthropometrics | monitoring population dimensions |
| Risk factors for CTD + back injuries | *posture, *heavy work, *bending/twisting, force, repetition, duration, environment, recovery, health, psychosocial factors |
| Reducing risk of back injury | neutral, work w/in reach, stay in shape, use right tools (e.g. step stool) |
| Organizational changes to decrease risk of back injury | mech. assistance, improve design (ergo) |
| Purpose of ergo assessment (to company) | save cost, compliance with reg/OSHA, ID problem, limit liability, accommodation |
| Work of ergo assessment | ID risk + job safety, create recommendation |
| OSHA (occupational safety and health admin) | ensure safety in workplace |
| OSHA recommended ergo program (things to do) | 1. analysis, 2. hazard prevention, 3. med management, 4. training + education |
| Action limit | 75% of females, 99% of males can lift load |
| Maximum permissible limit | 1% of women, 25% of men can lift |
| Risk level: <AL | normal risk |
| Risk level: AL<__<ML | need administration or engineering controls |
| Risk level: >ML | unacceptable w/o engineering controls |
| DF of talocalcaneonavicular joint | 1 DF (3 planes) |
| Type of joint: tarsal-metatarsal joint | plane synovial |
| Dorsiflexion of rays | 1st = invert + adduct, 5th = evert + abduct |
| Plantarflexion of rays | 1st = evert + abduct, 5th = invert + adduct |
| Type of joint: metatarsalphalangeal joint | condyloid, 2 DF |
| 1st metatarsalphalangeal joint has (special) | 2 sesamoid bones |
| Type of joint: interphalangeal joint | hinge, 1 DF |
| Arch of foot -> | shock absorption, propulsion |
| Lateral arch contributes to | balance + shock absorption |
| What bones for the transverse arch? | tarsals + metatarsals |
| Support of plantar arches (ligaments) | spring lig, long/short plantar ligs, plantar aponeurosis |
| What muscles support the arch of the foot? | Fibularis longus, Posterior tibialis (~ant. tibialis) |
| What muscle(s) of the foot act only on one joint? | NONE (no muscles act on only one joint) |
| Muscle that slows down pronation during gait | tibialis posterior |
| Mallet toe | flexion contracture of DIP |
| Hammer toe | flexion contracture of PIP |
| Claw toe | PIP and DIP hyperflexed |
| Hallux valgus | bunion |
| Sign of excessive pronation (hyperpronation) | navicular drop (rear foot valgus) |
Created by:
cbaweiss
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