The bacteria that caused concern in 2000 in the pedicure industry was:

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cosmetology exam tx

review for texas state board exam in cosmetology

Question	Answer
One-celled micro organisms with both plant and animal characteristics are know as:	Bacteria
A type of pathogenic bacteria is the:	Parasite
Harmful bacteria are referred to as:	Pathogenic
Pathogenic bacteria produce	Disease
A type of bacteria that lives on dead matter is:	Saprophytes
Syphillis and Lyme disease are caused by;	Spirilla
Cocci are bacteria with a: The type called cocci have a:	Round shape
Bacilli are bacteria with a:	Rod shape
Bacteria that are arranged like a string of beads and cause strep throat and blood poisoning are:	Streptococci
Spirilla are bacteria with a:	Corkscrew shape
The bacteria that caused concern in 2000 in the pedicure industry was:	Mycobacterium fortuitum furunculosis
The bacteria that rarely show active motility, or self-movement, are the:	Cocci
The slender, hair like extensions with which certain bacteria move about are called:	Flagella
Bacteria cells reproduce by simply dividing into two new cells in a process called:	Mitosis
During their inactive stage certain bacteria, such as the anthrax and tetanus bacilli form:	Spores
A communicable disease is:	Transmitted from one person to another
A general infection, such as __, affects the whole body.	Syphilis
Pus is a sign of:	Infection
Viruses cause:	Measles and hepatitis
One difference between viruses and bacteria is that bacteria:	Can live on their own
Hepatitis is a disease marked by inflammation of the:	Liver
Acquired Immune Deficiency syndrome (AIDS) breaks down the body's:	Immune system
AIDS is caused by:	The HIV virus
The HIV virus can be transmitted by:	Sharp implements
Bacteria and viruses can enter the body through:	Broken skin
Molds, mildews and yest are all:	Fungi
In a cosmetology school or a salon, clients with contagious diseases and conditions should be:	Referred to a physician
Resistance to an infection is known as:	Immunity
Surfaces of tools or other objects that are not free from dirt, oils, and microbes are:	Contaminated
Removing pathogens and other substances from tools and surfaces is called:	Decontamination
Sterilization it the only level of decontamination that kills:	Bacterial spores
Sterilization is used by:	Surgeons
Surfaces that may be disinfected are:	Nonporous surfaces
Disinfectants should never be used on human skin, hair,or nails because:	Damage can result
All disinfectants must be approved by each individual state and the:	EPA
Every product used in the cosmetology school or salon should have a/an:	MSDS
Important information found on an MSDS includes:	Storage requirements
OSHA was created to regulate and enforce:	Safety and health standards
A disinfectant that is "Formulated for Hospitals and Health Care Facilities" must be pseudomonacidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, and:	Virucidal
A salon implement that comes in contact with blood or body fluids should be cleaned and completely immersed in an EPA-registered tuberculocidal disinfectant or one that kills the:	HBV and HIV virus
Any item that is used on a client must be disinfected or:	Discarded
Before soaking in a disinfectant, implements must be thoroughly:	Cleaned
Ultrasonic bath cleaners are an effective way to clean tiny crevices in implements only when used with:	An effective disinfectant
Most quaternary ammonium compound disinfect implements in:	10-15 minutes
Phenolic disinfectants in 5 percent solution are used mostly for:	Metal implements
Two disinfectants used in the salon in the past, but since replaced by more advanced and effective technologies, are:	Alcohol and bleach
States requiring hospital disinfection do not allow the use of __ for disinfection of implements.	Alcohol
The technical name for bleach is:	Sodium Hypochlorite
A product that is not considered safe for salon use because it caused a number of health problems is:	Formalin
Implements can be removed from disinfectants with any of these except:	Bare fingers
The solution used in a wet sanitizer should be changed:	Once a day
When mixing disinfectants, always:	Add disinfectant to water
Properly disinfected implements should be stored in a/an:	Disinfected and covered container
Ultraviolet (UV) sanitizers are useful for:	Storing disinfected implements
Linens and capes or drapes should be used once and then laundered with:	Bleach
Those parts of tools such as such as hair clippers that can not be immersed in liquid:	Should be disinfected
Foot spas should e disinfected with an EPA-registered disinfectant with bacterial, fungicidal, virucidal (and in some states tuberculocidal)efficacy:	After each client
Every two weeks, foot spas should be filled with __ that should be left to sit over night.	A 5 percent bleach solution
When disposing of contaminated wipes or cotton balls from a blood spill,they should be:	Doubled-bagged before disposing
The third, or lowest, level of decontamination is:	Sanitation
Washing your hands is an example of:	Sanitation
Rather than using bar soaps, which can grow bacteria you should provide;	Pump-type liquid soap
In the salon, it is generally considered sufficient to wash the hands with:	Soap and warm water
The products know as antiseptics:	Can safely be applied to skin
The guidelines and controls the require employer and employee to assume that all human blood and specified body fluids are infectious for HIV, HBV,and other bloodborne pathogens is called:	Universal Precautions
The primary purpose of shampooing in the salon is to:	Cleanse the hair and scalp
When selecting a shampoo consider the:	Condition of the client's hair
The ph level is an indicator of:	Whether a solution is acid or alkaline
Jheri Redding was the first in the salon industry to market "pH-balanced shampoos," which were:	More acidic
Fresh water is purified by:	Sedimentation and filtration
The softness or hardness of water is related to the:	ghof minerals present
The main ingredient of shampoo is:	Purified water
The effectiveness of surfactants is due to:	The surfactant molecule
Surfactant molecules work by:	Lifting off oils and dirt into the water
The highest dollar expenditure for hair care products is for:	Shampoo
The pH in acid-balanced shampoo is:	Between 4.5 and 5.5
Conditioning shampoos contain agents that restore moisture and elasticity and:	Add volume
Medicated shampoos can be very strong and in some cases:	Must sit on the scalp for a longer period
Clarifying shampoos contain acidic ingredients that:	Cut through product buildup
Dry shampooing is recommended:	For elderly clients
A shampoo that combines a surfactant base with basic colors is:	Color-enhancing shampoo
A temporary remedy for hair that is dry or damaged is:	Conditioner
The texture and structure of the hair are controlled by:	Heredity, health, and diet
Rinse-through finishing rinses are useful for:	Detangling hair after washing
For repair and treatment, deep, penetrating conditioners must be left on the hair for:	10-20 minutes
Most conditioners contain:	Humectants
The cuticle of the hair is the outermost layer and is made of:	Overlapping scales
Instant conditioners fall in the pH range of 3.5 to 6.0 and are used to:	Restore pH balance
Scalp astringent lotion is a conditioning agent applied to the scalp to:	Remove oil accumulation
Quaternary Ammonium compounds are included in the formulas of moisturizers for their ability to:	Attach to hair fibers
To increase hair Diameter slightly, choose a:	protein conditioner
Concentrated protein conditioners are designed to:	Penetrate the cortex
Hair treated with a concentrated protien conditioner has all the following qualities except:	Improve quality of new hair growth
Deep conditioning treatments are the chosen therapy when__ is needed.	Equal moisturizing and protein treatment
To protect hair from the harmful effects of blow-drying and electric rollers, use:	spray-on thermal protectors
If your client has a dry scalp, the condition maybe helped by a:	Scalp conditioner
For a client with straight, fine hair, all the following products are recommended except:	Moisturizing shampoo
If your client has dry, damaged hair, all the following products are recommended except:	Acid-balanced shampoo
Correct hair brushing stimulates blood circulation to the scalp and helps:	Remove dust ,dirt, and spray build up
Brushing should be part of most hair services except before a:	Chemical service
The most highly recommended hairbrushes are made from:	Natural bristles
The best method for hair brushing is to:	Part it into sections
One method of providing scalp stimulation is:	Massage
Scalp massage is an extra that keeps your clients coming back, and to be successful it's important to:	Know the location of blood vessels
Scalp manipulation techniques include all the following except:	Rapid eye movement
The most important rule regarding posture when shampooing is to:	Keep your shoulders back
All the following items are routinely used when giving a shampoo except:	An infrared lamp
Part of shampoo preparation is to:	Examine the client's hair and scalp
When performing the shampoo service, an important consideration is:	The water temperature
During a shampoo, when manipulating the scalp, use firm pressure if:	The client has healthy hair and scalp
After applying small quantities of shampoo, the next step in the shampoo procedure is to:	Manipulate the scalp
Part of the cleanup and sanitation process at the end of shampooing is:	Disinfecting combs and brushes
Following shampooing and rinsing, the next step is to:	Apply a conditioner
After applying conditioner:	Gently comb it through the hair
When applying a deep conditioning treatment, you may have to:	Place the client under a heated dryer
After shampooing, chemically treated hair tends to:	Tangle
Begin with a shampoo, brushing and scalp massage when you are doing:	Hairstyling
When using dry shampoo for a client with a health problem, apply it:	Directly onto the hair
When servicing clients with special needs, always:	Ask their preferences
The purpose of a general scalp treatment is:	Keeping the scalp clean and healthy
All the following are steps in a normal hair and scalp treatment except:	Vigorously brushing the scalp
A dry hair and scalp treatment is recommended for:	a deficiency of natural oils
A useful appliance for a dry hair and scalp treatment is:	A scalp steamer
Kneading the scalp to increase blood circulation is helpful to:	Normalize overactive sebaceous glands
During a dandruff treatment, an effective therapy is:	High-frequency current
In a haircut, designs lines that are proportionate are established by using:	Reference points
The highest point on top of the head is called the:	Apex
The widest area of the head, also called the crest area, is the:	Parietal ridge
The bone that protrudes at the base of the skull is the:	Occipital bone
The two front corners represent the widest points in the:	Fringe (bangs) area
The area Between the apex and the back of the patietal ridge is the:	Crown
The fringe (bangs) area, when combed into natural falling position, falls no farther than:	The outer corners of the eyes
You can locate the top of the head by parting the hair:	At the parietal ridge
Straight lines that are parallel to the horizon, or the floor are called:	Horizontal lines
The technique in which the ends of the hair are cut at a slight taper, using diagonal lines, is called	Beveling
The uniformed working areas into which the hair is parted for control are called:	Sections
The angle or degree at which a subsection of hair is held from the head when cutting is called:	Elevation
When you elevate the hair below 90 degrees, you are:	Building weight
As a rule, the more you elevate the hair, the__you create.	More graduation
The section of hair that determines the length the hair will be cut us called the:	Guideline
A guideline that does not move as the haircut progresses is called a:	Stationary guideline
A guideline that moves with you as you work through the haircut is a:	Traveling guideline
The cutting line is the angle at which the:	Fingers are held during cutting
Combing the hair away from its natural falling position, rather than straight out from the head, toward a guideline is called:	Overdirection
When you use overdirection to create a length or weight increase in a haircut, you use a:	Stationary guideline
When you are creating__,you use a traveling guide, with no overdirection, to create the same length throughout the haircut.	Uniform layers
Straight hair shrinks when it dries by about:	1/4 to 1/2 inch
As it dries, curly hair shrinks by:	1/2 to two inches
The direction in which the hair grows from the scalp is called its:	Growth pattern
An important part of client consultation before a hair cut is analyzing the:	Face shape
The five characteristics that determine the behavior of the hair are: density, texture, wave patterns,:	Hairlines and growth patterns
Hair texture is based on the:	Diameter of each hair strand
Wave pattern is defined as the amount of__in the hair strand.	Movement
The tool used to cut blunt or straight lines in the hair is:	Haircutting shears
When a softer effect is desired on the ends of the hair, the tool generally used is the:	A straight razor
The comb generally used in the shears-over comb technique is the:	Barber comb
The tool used mainly to remove bulk from the hair is the:	Thinning shears
In general, the hand that does most of the work in the haircutting is the:	Cutting hand
When holding the shears, the ring finger is placed in the:	Finger grip of still blade
When combing the hair during a haircut, it is necessary to:	Palm the shears
When holding a razor with the handle higher than the shank, the little finger is placed in the:	Tang
The fine teeth of the styling comb are used to:	Comb the subsection before cutting
The amount of pressure applied when combing and holding a subsection of hair is called:	Tension
When cutting straight hair with precise lines, use:	Maximum tension
When cutting uniform or increasing layers, the hand position used most often is:	Cutting over the fingers
When cutting with a vertical or diagonal cutting line, the best way to control the subsection is by:	Cutting palm to palm
A good safety and sanitation measure is to sweep up cut hair and dispose of it:	Before blow-drying the client
The blade in your razor should be replaced:	Prior to each new client
The blunt haircut is also referred to as the:	Zero-elevation degree
The graduated haircut is most commonly cut with an elevation of:	45 degrees
A long layered haircut is cut at a:	180-degrees angle
In a layered haircut, the ends of the hair appear: Layers create movement and volume in the hair, and the ends appear:	Farther apart
Cutting hair that is partly damp and partly dry will give you:	Uneven results
Checking the length of a haircut by parting the hair in the opposite way from which you cut it is called:	Cross-checking
If you use vertical partings in a haircut, you should cross-check the lengths with:	Horizontal partings
Tilting the client's head forward while cutting a blunt haircut will result in:	Slight graduation of the line
A classic A-line bob is cut with a:	Diagonal cutting line
In uniform-layered haircut, all the hair is:	Cut at the same length
Curly hair behaves differently from straight hair, for instance, it:	Shrinks more after it dries
When cutting curly hair, one tool you should avoid using is:	A razor
The fringe area is approximately between the:	outer corners of the eyes
Cutting the hair with a razor generally gives a softer appearance to the hair, in part because the hair ends are cut:	At an angle
One way in which razor cutting differs from cutting with shears is that:	The guide is above the fingers
A razor should not be used on:	Dry hair
The method of cutting hair in which the fingers and shears glide along the edge of the hair to remove length is called:	Slide cutting
Snipping out pieces of hair at random intervals with the tips of the shears is known as:	Free-hand notching
A barbering technique that has crossed over into cosmetology is:	Shears-over-comb
When using the shears-over-comb technique, the comb is held:	At an angle to the head
When using the shears-over-comb technique, work with areas:	No wider than the blade
In The Shears-over-comb technique, an important point to remember is that:	One blade stays still
The process of removing excess bulk without shortening the length is called:	Texturizing
A texturizing technique similar to razor-over-comb is:	Razor rotation
A more modern term for "thinning" is:	Removing weight
Among the tools to have on hand when clipper cutting, the tool that allows you to cut all the hair evenly to one exact length is the:	Length guard attachment
The best way to create a flat-top or square shape close to the scalp is with:	Clippers
In the clipper-over-comb technique, the clippers move:	Sideways across the comb
When cutting with clippers, especially in the nape, always work:	Against the natural growth patterns
Smaller-sized, cordless clippers used to mainly clean necklines and around the ears are called:	Edgers
The comb used with clippers that allows you to cut the hair very short and close to the head is the:	Barber comb
Facial hair is very:	Coarse
The process of shaping and directing the hair into a pattern of S-shaped waves with the fingers, combs, and waving lotion is called:	Finger waving
Waving lotion is a type of hair gel used during finger waving to keep the hair:	Pliable
A good waving lotion for finger waving is harmless to the hair and:	Does not flake when dry
Finger wave lotion should be applied:	To one side of the head at a time
When finger waving, pinching or pushing ridges with the fingers will create:	Overdirection of the ridge
The three main parts of a pin curl are the base, stem, and:	Circle
The section of the pin curl between the base and the first arc is the:	Stem
The stationary part of the pin curl is the:	Base
A tight, firm, long lasting curl is produced by the:	No-stem curl
The greatest curl mobility is achieved with the:	Full-stem curl
A section of hair that is molded in a circular movement in preparation for the formation of curls is a:	Shaping
Open center curls produce:	Uniform curls
Pin curls that are good for fine hair and produce a fluffy curl are:	closed center curls
The most common pin curl base you will use is the:	Arc base
In a pin curl set, the finished curl is not affected by the:	Shape of the base
Triangular pin curl bases are used to:	Prevent splits in the finished style
Pin curls bases suitable for curly hair styles without much volume or lift are the:	Square base
An important technique to use when making pin curls is:	Ribboning
Pin curls sliced from a shaping and formed without lifting the hair from the head are called:	Carved curls
Pin curls are correctly anchored when:	the clip enters at the open end
Curls used to create a wave behind a ridge are called:	Ridge curls
Two rows of ridge curls create:	A strong wave pattern
Pin curls used to achieve height in the hair design are:	Cascade curls
Barrel curls are fastened to the head in a standing position on a:	Rectangular base
A roller holds the equivalent of:	two to four stand-up curls
Rollers are different from pin curls in several ways, one way being that they:	Give a stronger sets
The panel of hair on which the roller is placed is called the:	Base
The hair between the scalp and the first turn of the roller is the:	Stem
The part of a roller curl that determines the size of the wave or curl is the:	Circle or curl
If hair is wound 1-1/2 turns around a roller, it will create:	A C-shape
A C-shape will result if the hair is wound around a roller:	Five turns
The volume achieved in a hairstyle is determined by the size of the roller and:	How it sits on its base
An on-base roller curl produces:	Full volume
For the least amount of volume in a roller set, use the:	off-base method
A loose roller that is not properly secured to the head will result in:	A weak set
Hot rollers and Velcro rollers are used:	Only on dry hair
Back-combing and back-brushing are used to:	Remove roller indentations
Teasing, ratting, matting, and French lacing are other terms for:	Back-combing
Ruffing is another name for:	Back-brushing
A technique used to keep curly or extremely curly hair smooth and straight is:	Hair wrapping
The part of a blow-dryer that directs the air stream to any section of the hair more intensely is the:	Concentrator
The diffuser attachment of a blow-dryer causes the air to flow:	More softly
It is particularly important that the air intake at the back of a blow-dryer be kept:	Clear
Combs with closely spaced teeth:	Create a smooth surface
A classic styling brush has a:	Half-rounded rubber base
The brush that is generally oval with pure natural bristles or quills of bristle and nylon mix is the:	Grooming brush
Smaller round brushes used during blow-drying:	Add more curl
A light, airy, whipped styling product that resembles shaving foam is:	Mousse
The most widely used hairstyling product is:	Hair spray
A hair styling product that adds considerable weight to the hair is:	Pomade or wax
Guidelines for blow-drying the hair include directing the blow-dryer:	From scalp to ends
Creating an updo can be difficult on hair that has been:	Freshly washed
Another term for thermal waving is:	Marcel waving
Thermal waving and curling are done on:	Dry hair
To hold an even temperature, thermal irons should be made of the best quality:	Steel
A conventional thermal iron is:	Stove-heated
Electric vaporizing irons should not be used on pressed hair because they caused the hair to:	Become flat and limp
For white, lightened, or tinted hair, it is advisable:	To use lukewarm thermal irons
The styling portion of a thermal iron consists of a rod and:	Shell
The required Temperature of heated thermal irons depends on the:	Texture of the hair
The texture of heated thermal irons is tested on:	A piece of tissue paper
A thermal comb should be made of:	Hard rubber
When manipulating thermal irons, the rolling movement should be done with the:	Fingers
To give a finished appearance to hair ends, use:	End curls
A method of thermal-curling the hair by winding a strand around the rod to create hanging curls:	Spiral curls
Volume thermal iron curls are used to provide a finished hairstyle with:	Lift
A volume-base thermal curl is formed by placing the curl:	Forward and high on its base
Full-base thermal curls provide:	A strong curl with full volume
In half-base curls the hair is held at a:	90-degree angle
The thermal curl that offers the least lift or volume is the:	Off-base curl
To ensure a good thermal curl or wave he hair must be:	Clean
In thermal curling or waving, fishhook hair ends are caused when the:	Hair ends protrude from the irons
Hair pressing:	Temporary straightens hair
Hair straightening, or pressing, is a popular service that lasts:	Until the next shampoo
Types of hair pressing are the soft press, hard press, and:	Medium press
The type of hair pressing that removes 50% to 60% of the curl is the:	Soft press
The temperature of the pressing comb should be adjusted to the hair's:	Texture
The least difficult type of hair to press is:	Medium curly hair
The type of hair that requires the least heat and pressure with a pressing comb is:	Fine
Applying a heated pressing comb twice on each side of the hair is know as a:	Hard press
Burnt hair strands:	Cannot be conditioned
In pressing coarse hair, more heat is required because it:	has the greatest diameter
To avoid breakage when pressing fine hair, you should use:	Less heat and pressure
The use of excess heat on gray, tinted, or lightened hair may:	Discolor the hair
Failure to correct dry and brittle hair before thermal straightening may result in:	Hair breakage
To avoid smoke or burning while pressing hair, use:	Less pressing oil
A hard press in which a hot curling iron is passed though the hair first is called:	A double press
Hair pressing treatment between shampoos are called:	Touch-ups
Hair that is wiry and curly:	Is difficult to press
Before preforming a hair press, the hair should be divided into:	Four sections
A scalp may be classified as normal, flexible, or:	Tight
Applying the thermal pressing comb once on each side of the hair is required for a:	Soft press
Pressing combs should be constructed of good quality steel or:	Brass
The actual pressing or straightening of the hair is accomplished with the comb's:	Back rod
Pressing oil may be applied either before or after the hair is:	Thoroughly dried
The hair and scalp may be conditioned with special hair products, hair brushing, and:	Scalp massage
The metal portion of a pressing comb may be immersed in a solution of__for 1 hour to give it a smooth and shiny appearance.	Hot baking soda
Too frequent hair pressing treatments can cause:	Breaking and shortening of the hair
Carbon may be removed from the pressing comb by rubbing with:	Fine sandpaper
Do not use__when pressing short hair at the temple and back of neck.	High heat
The air of braiding, which is an important tradition in many cultures, originated in:	Africa
In traditional cultures, braiding patterns often signified:	Social and marital Status
Natural hairstyling works with the hair's:	Curl or coil pattern
In the context of braiding, hair texture involves three qualities; wave pattern, feel, and:	Diameter
When styling with braids for a round facial type, it is useful to include:	Updo braiding
The right tool are essential for braiding, including:	A tail comb
The material kanekalon is used for:	Synthetic hair extensions
In general, it is best to braid the hair:	When it is dry
Textured hair present styling challenges because it is:	Fagile both wet and dry
When preparing textured hair for braiding, separate thicker hair into:	Many sections
A three-strand braid created with the underhand technique is called a/an:	Visible braid
The overhand pick-up technique is used to create:	An invisible braid
A braid made with two strands twisted around each other is called:	A rope braid
A fishtail braid is a two-strand braid in which hair is:	Picked up from the sides
Single braids, box braids, and individual braids are all:	Free-hanging braids
The partings for single braids can be square, triangular, or:	Rectangular
The foundation of beautiful cornrows is:	Consistent and even partings
When using the feed-in method of cornrowing, you are adding:	Extensions
Dreadlocks can be started using the:	Palm roll
In the development of dreadlocks, the lock is closed at the end and the hair is tightly meshed into a rope like cylinder during the:	Maturation stage
Hair Services that cause a chemical change that permanently alters the natural wave pattern of the hair are called:	Chemical texture services
A strong compact cuticle makes for:	Resistant hair
Porous, damaged, or chemically treated hair requires a perm solution that is:	Less Alkine
Changing the natural wave pattern of the hair made possible by the breaking of the:	Side bonds
Of the three types of side bonds, disulfide bonds are the:	Strongest
Salt bonds are easily broken by:	Changes in pH
An example of a physical change is a:	Wet set
Hydrogen bonds are very weak, but they account for about__of hair's total strength.	1/3
By making a point of keeping accurate, up-to-date client records, you will:	Improve your technical skills
The most important factors to consider in a hair analysis for chemical texture,density, porosity, elasticity, and:	Growth direction
Hair texture is described with the terms:	Coarse, medium, and fine
When treated with chemical texture services, coarse hair is usually:	Harder to penetrate
The hair texture that is the most fragile and easiest to process with permanent waving solution is:	Fine hair
The single most important factor in determining the ability of hair to hold a curl is its:	Elasticity
Wet hair with normal elasticity can stretch up to__percent of its original length and then return to that length without breaking.	50
The first part to any perm, wrapping the hair on perm rods, causes a/an:	Physical change
The second part of any perm, the application of waving solution and neutralizer, cause a:	Chemical change
The major difference between a wet set and a perm is the:	Type of side bonds broken
The size of the perm tool determines the:	Size of the curl
Wrapping the hair on small tools increase the:	Tension
For perm wrapping, the hair is divided into panels, then into:	Base sections
The position of the tool in relation to its base section is called the:	Base control
Base control is determined by the angle:	At which the hair is wrapped
The hair is wrapped at an angle 45 degrees beyond perpendicular to its base section in:	on-base placement
In off-base placement, the hair is wrapped__to its base section.	45 degrees below
Because it places additional stress and tension on the hair, caution should be used with:	On-base placement
Of the various base controls, the least amount of volume is created by using:	off-base placement
The angle at which the perm tool is positioned on the head is referred to as the:	Base direction
The wrapping technique in which the hair is wrapped from the ends to the scalp in overlapping layers is called:	Croquignole wrapping
In the spiral perm wrapping technique, the hair is wrapped:	At an angle other than perpendicular
Rods with a smaller circumference in the center than at the ends are called:	Concave rods
Rods with the same circumference along their length or curling area are called:	Straight rods
The distinguishing feature of soft bender rods is that they can be:	Bent into many shapes
Circle tools or loop rods are ideal for:	Spiral wrapping very long hair
End wraps are absorbent papers used when winding hair on perm tools to:	Control the hair ends
When you place one end paper over the top of the hair strand as you wrap it around the perm tool, it is called a:	Single flat wrap
When you fold one end paper in half over the hair ends like an envelope, it is called a:	Bookend wrap
The end paper technique that provides the most control over the hair ends and keeps them evenly distributed is the:	Double flat wrap
Permanent waving solution breaks the disulfide bonds in the cortex through a chemical reaction called:	Reduction
In permanent waving solutions, thiol compounds act as:	Reducing agents
Ammonium thioglycolate is produced by adding__to thioglycolic acid.	Ammonia
Alkaline waves are also called:	Cold waves
Most true acid waves:	Require heat to speed processing
Most of the acid waves in today's salons have a pH between:	7.8 and 8.2
Permanent waves that require heat from an outside source, usually a hair dryer are called:	Endothermic
One benefit of ammonia-free waves is that they:	Have no unpleasant ammonia odor
In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place as soon as the solution penetrates the hair, within the first:	5 to 10 minutes
complete saturation of the hair is essential to proper processing in all permanent waves, but especially on:	Resistant hair
A properly processed permanent wave should break and rebuild about__percent of the hair's disulfide bonds.	50
If the hair is underprocessed:	Too few disulfide bonds are broken
Neutralizer performs two functions, deactivating any remaining waving solution in the hair and:	Rebuilding broken disulfide bonds
The chemical reaction involved in neutralizing is:	Oxidation
Perm solution should be rinsed from the hair for at least:	Five minutes
Perm solution should be rinsed from the hair before neutralizing to avoid scalp irritation and:	Lightening the hair color
After rinsing perm solution from the hair, the next step is to:	Blot the rods with towels
An optional step after blotting the hair and before applying neutralizer is to:	Apply a pre-neutralizing conditioner
The hydrogen atoms in the broken disulfide bonds are so strongly attracted to the oxygen in the neutralizer that they release their bonds with the:	Sulfur atoms
Unless the scalp is irritated, hair that has just been permed may be colored with::	Demipermanent haircolor
It is safe to perm hair that:	Has been treated with thio relaxer
Metallic salts leave a coating on the hair that may cause severe discoloration, hair breakage, or:	Uneven curls
To test for metallic salts in the hair, immerse at least 20 strands in a mixture of peroxide and:	Ammonia
The basic perm wrap is also called a:	Straight set wrap
The perm wrap that creates a movement that curves within sectioned-out panels is the:	Curvature perm wrap
Zigzag parting are used to divide base areas in the perm wrapping technique called the:	Weave technique
The double tool perm technique is also called the:	Piggyback Wrap
The spiral perm technique:	Produces a uniform curl from scalp to ends
To determine the proper processing time needed for optimal curl development, you should do:	Preliminary test curls
When giving a partial perm, you can make a smooth transition from a rolled to`an unrolled section by using a__as the last tool next to an unrolled section.	Larger tool
The process of rearranging the basic structure of extremely curly hair into a straight form is called:	Chemical hair relaxing
Chemical hair relaxing is very similar to:	Permanent waving
All relaxers and permanents change the shape of the hair by:	Breaking disulfide bonds
Most relaxers contain the same ingredients used in:	Depilatories
Extremely curly hair:	Has varying diameters
Extremely curly hair is weakest at the:	Twists
Thio relaxers:	have a pH above 10
Each step in the pH scale represents a__change in concentration	Tenfold
Hydroxide relaxers remove one atom of sulfur from a disulfide bond and convert it into a lanthionine bond in a process called:	Lanthionization
The disulfide bonds that are broken by hydroxide relaxers:	Can never be re-formed
The neutralization of hydroxide relaxers involves the use of:	Acid-balance shampoo
If you have treated a client's hair with a hydroxide relaxer, it cannot be treated with:	Soft curl permanents
Metal hydroxide relaxers are ionic compounds formed by a metal combined with:	Oxygen and hydrogen
Sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly called:	Lye relaxers
A chemical relaxer that straightens the hair completely but with much less scalp irritation than other hydroxide relaxers is:	Guanidine hydroxide relaxer
Chemical relaxers marketed as mild alternative relaxers are:	Sulfites
Mild strength relaxers are recommended for fine, damaged, or:	color-treated hair
The application for a virgin relaxer begins:	1/4" to 1/2" away from the scalp
Relaxer should be applied to the most resistant area first which is usually the:	Back of the head
Normalizing solutions are conditioners with an acidic pH that are used in a relaxing procedure:	Prior to shampooing
To determine if the hair is sufficiently relaxed, do:	Periodic strand testing
To neutralize hydroxide relaxer, shampoo the hair with an acid balanced shampoo at least:	Three-times
A soft curl permanent:	Makes existing curls larger
A Jheri curl or soft curl permanent is a combination of a thio relaxer and:	A thio permanent
In a soft curl permanent, the hair is first relaxed, then wrapped:	On horizontal base sections
When applying a hydroxide relaxer:	Do not shampoo first
You should not attempt to remove more than_of the natural curl with chemical relaxing.	80%
Pure or fundamental colors that that cannot be achieved from a mixture are called:	Primary colors
A tertiary color is achieved by mixing equal amounts of a secondary color and its neighboring:	Primary color
A primary and secondary color positioned opposite each other on the color wheel are:	Complementary color
A secondary color is obtained by mixing equal amounts of two:	Primary colors
Red, yellow, and blue are considered:	Primary colors
The darkest primary color is:	Blue
The secondary colors are orange, violet, and:	Green
The equal combination of yellow and blue creates:	Green
A complementary color combination is:	Red and green
Blue-green and red-violet are:	Tertiary colors
Fine-textured hair:	Takes color faster
The hair texture likely to take longer to process is:	Coarse hair
Hair that is resistant and requires a longer processing time usually has:	Low porosity
Hair with high porosity has a:	Lifted cuticle
If you test the hair between your fingers and it feels smooth, it has:	Low porosity
The underlying color that emerges during lightening is known as:	Contributing pigment
The type of melanin that gives the hair black and brown color is:	Eumelanin
Level is used to identify the:	Lightness or darkness of a color
Intensity describes the:	Strength of a color tone
A base color is the:	Lightness or darkness of a color
The warmth or coolness of a color is known as its:	Intensity
Hair lightening is also called bleaching or:	Decolorizing
Haircolors are divided into four general classifications based on their chemistry, which, in turn, affects the final color result and:	Lasting ability
Raising the cuticle of the hair so that the tint can penetrate is the function of the:	Alkalizing ingredient
The function of hydrogen peroxide in haircolor is to:	Break up the melanin
Temporary haircolor:	Makes a physical change
THe pigment molecules of semipermanent haircolor are:	Smaller than temporary color molecules
The hair color category that is considered semipermanent:	Requires a patch test
Demipermanent haircolor deposits color but does not:	Lift color
In recent years, demipermanent hair color has been used exclusively on the_of previously colored hair.	Midshaft to ends
The only hair color that has a lifting action on the hair is:	Permanent
Permanent hair colors are considered permanent because the tint molecules:	Are trapped in the cortex
Permanent haircolors contain uncolored dye precursors known as:	Aniline derivatives
The agent that, when mixed with an oxidative haircolor, supplies the oxygen to develop color molecules and create a change in hair color is the:	Developer
The most commonly used oxidizer in haircoloring is:	Hydrogen peroxide
Developers have a pH between:	2.5 and 4.5
The hydrogen peroxide used to provide maximum lift in a one-step color service is:	40 volume
Henna is a type of:	Natural haircolor
Gradual colors, historically marketed to men, are also called:	Metallic haircolors
Lighteners work by:	Dispersing melanin
As soon as hydrogen peroxide is mixed into a lightener formula, it begins to:	Release oxygen
Toners are used primarily on:	Prelightened hair
When you decolorize a client's hair, your goal is to create the correct degree of:	Contributing pigment
The hair should never be lifted with lightener past:	Pale yellow
The most critical part of the color service is the:	Consultation
A client consultation for haircoloring should include:	Stating the cost of the service
A release Statement is used mainly to explain:	If hair is in proper condition to receive color
A predisposition test is preformed to determine:	Allergy to aniline
A preliminary strand test should be preformed:	In the lower crown
Once a temporary color rinse has been applied:	Style as desired
How well semipermanent colors "take" depends on the:	Hair Porosity
The application procedure for demipermanent hair color is similar to that for:	Semipermanent color
In a double-process color application, the lightner is followed by application of:	The depositing color
Hair at the scalp processes color faster due to:	Body heat
Overlapping previously colored or lightened hair can:	Create lines of demarcation
Demipermanent color may be applied to hair ends during a retouch procedure only if:	The color is faded
Oil lightener is used to:	Lift one or two levels
Cream lighteners may be mixed with dry crystals known as:	Activators
Off-the-scalp lighteners:	Come in powder form
Powder lighteners should not be used for:	Retouch services
Hair takes longer to lighten:	The more melanin it has
When heat is used along with lightening chemicals, it softens the hair and can make it:	More fragile
If a preliminary strand test for lightening indicates the hair is not light enough, you can:	Increase the processing time
Partings for applying lightener should be:	1/8"
In a lightening procedure, when you check a strand for lightening, you should:	Blot the strand with a damp towel
Before using a toner, you must achieve the proper:	Foundation
There are__degrees of decolorizing.	Ten
When a lightner is applied so that it overlaps previously lightened hair:	Breakage may occur
Using conditioner on the hair at the end of a toner application:	Lowers the pH
Coloring some hair strands lighter than the natural color is called:	Reverse highlighting
Low lighting is the technique of coloring strands of hair:	Darker than the natural color
The degree of highlighting or lowlighting you can achieve with the cap technique depends on the:	Number of strands pulled through
A complete haircolor record should include the:	Client's scalp condition
Painting a lightener directly on to clean,styled hair is known as the:	Balayage technique
If a client has unwanted orange tones,use a haircolor with a:	Blue base
Presoftening is preformed on gray or resistant hair to:	Open the cuticle
Fillers are used to equalize porosity and:	Deposit a base color
The foil technique of lightening can be done by either weaving or:	Slicing
Tint removal may be preformed if:	The haircolor is too dark
When preforming a tint back:	A filler may be used
After a tint has been mixed and used,any leftover tint:	Should be discarded
When formulating permanent color for hair that is 10-30% gray, your color choice should be:	1 level lighter
When selecting a color filler:	Replace the hair's missing primary color
The first step in properly camouflaging excessive brassiness is to:	Identify actual color of brassiness
A soap cap involves using shampoo with:	Tint
A highlightening shampoo is a combination of shampoo and:	Hydrogen peroxide
An example of a double-process color application is:	Presoftening and tinting
A "gun-metal gray" shade is:	Is a sign that the hair is overly porous
A glaze, sometimes used to give the hair shine and tone,is usually a/an:	Demipermanent color
Highlighting services are also known as:	Dimensional haircoloring
When a very slight change in hair shade is desired, or when the client's hair processes very rapidly, consider using a:	Highlighting shampoo tint
The study of the skin and its nature,structure, functions, diseases, and treatment is known as:	Dermatology
A specialist in the cleansing, preservation of heel, and beautification of the skin and body is a/an:	Esthetician
Healthy skin is:	Slightly acid
The skin is thinnest on the:	Eyelids
Of all the skin on the body, the thickest is on the:	Palms and soles
The outer protective layer of skin is called the:	Epidermis
The epidermis does not contain any:	Blood vessels
Nerves, hair follicles, papillae, and sweat and oil glands are found in the:	Dermis
The stratum corneum has scale-like cells made up of:	Keratin
The layer of the epidermis that is continually being shed and replaced is the:	Stratum corneum
The stratum corneum is also known as the:	Horny layer
The growth of the epidermis begins in the:	Stratum germinativum
Melanin, which protects sensitive cells from the destructive effects of excessive UV rays, is found in the __ of the epidermis.	Stratum germinativum
The reticular and papillary layers are found in the:	True skin
The small, cone-shaped elevations at the bottom of the hair follicles are:	Papillae
The layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients is the:	Reticular layer
Subcutaneous tissue is a:	Fatty layer
The skin is nourished by:	Blood and lymph
Sensory nerve fibers in the skin react to:	Cold
The motor nerve fibers of the skin:	Cause goose bumps
the skin gets its strength, form and flexibility from:	Collagen and elastin
A protein fiber that helps the skin regain its shape, even after being repeatedly stretched, is:	Elastin
The sudoriferous glands regulate:	Body temperature
Sebaceous glands are found in all parts of the body except for the:	Palms and soles
The small openings of the sweat glands on the skin are called:	Sweat pores
The excretion of sweat from the skin is under the control of the:	Nervous system
The palms, soles, forehead, and armpits contain particularly numerous:	Sudoriferous glands
The sebaceous glands secrete:	Oil
The ducts of a sebaceous gland opens into the:	Hair follicle
The function of sebum is to:	Lubricate the skin
The blood and sweat glands of the skin regulate body heat by maintaining a Fahrenheit temperature of about:	98.6
Approximately 80 to 85 percent of the sound aging is caused by:	The sun's rays
Skin tissues wrinkle and sag because of the weakening of the:	Collagen and elastin fibers
The ultraviolet rays of the sun that are also called and "aging rays" are the:	Uva rays
The "burning rays" that can damage the skin and eyes are:	Uvb rays
Ultraviolet exposure is the highest between the hours of:	10 a.m. and 3 p.m.
Uvb rays clause tanning of the skin by affecting the:	Melanocytes
Nicotine in tobacco causes contraction and weakening of the:	Blood vessels
An excessive intake of alcohol:	Overdilates blood vessels
If a client has a inflamed skin disorder that is not infectious, you should:	Refer the client to a physician
A papule is a:	Primary skin lesion
Pus is most likely to be found in:	Pustules
Poison oak and poison ivy produce:	Vesicles
The skin Lesions found in chapped lips and hands are:	Fissures
A closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, semi fluid, or morbid matter is a:	Cyst

Created by: angelfire

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