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cosmetology exam tx
review for texas state board exam in cosmetology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| One-celled micro organisms with both plant and animal characteristics are know as: | Bacteria |
| A type of pathogenic bacteria is the: | Parasite |
| Harmful bacteria are referred to as: | Pathogenic |
| Pathogenic bacteria produce | Disease |
| A type of bacteria that lives on dead matter is: | Saprophytes |
| Syphillis and Lyme disease are caused by; | Spirilla |
| Cocci are bacteria with a: The type called cocci have a: | Round shape |
| Bacilli are bacteria with a: | Rod shape |
| Bacteria that are arranged like a string of beads and cause strep throat and blood poisoning are: | Streptococci |
| Spirilla are bacteria with a: | Corkscrew shape |
| The bacteria that caused concern in 2000 in the pedicure industry was: | Mycobacterium fortuitum furunculosis |
| The bacteria that rarely show active motility, or self-movement, are the: | Cocci |
| The slender, hair like extensions with which certain bacteria move about are called: | Flagella |
| Bacteria cells reproduce by simply dividing into two new cells in a process called: | Mitosis |
| During their inactive stage certain bacteria, such as the anthrax and tetanus bacilli form: | Spores |
| A communicable disease is: | Transmitted from one person to another |
| A general infection, such as __, affects the whole body. | Syphilis |
| Pus is a sign of: | Infection |
| Viruses cause: | Measles and hepatitis |
| One difference between viruses and bacteria is that bacteria: | Can live on their own |
| Hepatitis is a disease marked by inflammation of the: | Liver |
| Acquired Immune Deficiency syndrome (AIDS) breaks down the body's: | Immune system |
| AIDS is caused by: | The HIV virus |
| The HIV virus can be transmitted by: | Sharp implements |
| Bacteria and viruses can enter the body through: | Broken skin |
| Molds, mildews and yest are all: | Fungi |
| In a cosmetology school or a salon, clients with contagious diseases and conditions should be: | Referred to a physician |
| Resistance to an infection is known as: | Immunity |
| Surfaces of tools or other objects that are not free from dirt, oils, and microbes are: | Contaminated |
| Removing pathogens and other substances from tools and surfaces is called: | Decontamination |
| Sterilization it the only level of decontamination that kills: | Bacterial spores |
| Sterilization is used by: | Surgeons |
| Surfaces that may be disinfected are: | Nonporous surfaces |
| Disinfectants should never be used on human skin, hair,or nails because: | Damage can result |
| All disinfectants must be approved by each individual state and the: | EPA |
| Every product used in the cosmetology school or salon should have a/an: | MSDS |
| Important information found on an MSDS includes: | Storage requirements |
| OSHA was created to regulate and enforce: | Safety and health standards |
| A disinfectant that is "Formulated for Hospitals and Health Care Facilities" must be pseudomonacidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, and: | Virucidal |
| A salon implement that comes in contact with blood or body fluids should be cleaned and completely immersed in an EPA-registered tuberculocidal disinfectant or one that kills the: | HBV and HIV virus |
| Any item that is used on a client must be disinfected or: | Discarded |
| Before soaking in a disinfectant, implements must be thoroughly: | Cleaned |
| Ultrasonic bath cleaners are an effective way to clean tiny crevices in implements only when used with: | An effective disinfectant |
| Most quaternary ammonium compound disinfect implements in: | 10-15 minutes |
| Phenolic disinfectants in 5 percent solution are used mostly for: | Metal implements |
| Two disinfectants used in the salon in the past, but since replaced by more advanced and effective technologies, are: | Alcohol and bleach |
| States requiring hospital disinfection do not allow the use of __ for disinfection of implements. | Alcohol |
| The technical name for bleach is: | Sodium Hypochlorite |
| A product that is not considered safe for salon use because it caused a number of health problems is: | Formalin |
| Implements can be removed from disinfectants with any of these except: | Bare fingers |
| The solution used in a wet sanitizer should be changed: | Once a day |
| When mixing disinfectants, always: | Add disinfectant to water |
| Properly disinfected implements should be stored in a/an: | Disinfected and covered container |
| Ultraviolet (UV) sanitizers are useful for: | Storing disinfected implements |
| Linens and capes or drapes should be used once and then laundered with: | Bleach |
| Those parts of tools such as such as hair clippers that can not be immersed in liquid: | Should be disinfected |
| Foot spas should e disinfected with an EPA-registered disinfectant with bacterial, fungicidal, virucidal (and in some states tuberculocidal)efficacy: | After each client |
| Every two weeks, foot spas should be filled with __ that should be left to sit over night. | A 5 percent bleach solution |
| When disposing of contaminated wipes or cotton balls from a blood spill,they should be: | Doubled-bagged before disposing |
| The third, or lowest, level of decontamination is: | Sanitation |
| Washing your hands is an example of: | Sanitation |
| Rather than using bar soaps, which can grow bacteria you should provide; | Pump-type liquid soap |
| In the salon, it is generally considered sufficient to wash the hands with: | Soap and warm water |
| The products know as antiseptics: | Can safely be applied to skin |
| The guidelines and controls the require employer and employee to assume that all human blood and specified body fluids are infectious for HIV, HBV,and other bloodborne pathogens is called: | Universal Precautions |
| The primary purpose of shampooing in the salon is to: | Cleanse the hair and scalp |
| When selecting a shampoo consider the: | Condition of the client's hair |
| The ph level is an indicator of: | Whether a solution is acid or alkaline |
| Jheri Redding was the first in the salon industry to market "pH-balanced shampoos," which were: | More acidic |
| Fresh water is purified by: | Sedimentation and filtration |
| The softness or hardness of water is related to the: | ghof minerals present |
| The main ingredient of shampoo is: | Purified water |
| The effectiveness of surfactants is due to: | The surfactant molecule |
| Surfactant molecules work by: | Lifting off oils and dirt into the water |
| The highest dollar expenditure for hair care products is for: | Shampoo |
| The pH in acid-balanced shampoo is: | Between 4.5 and 5.5 |
| Conditioning shampoos contain agents that restore moisture and elasticity and: | Add volume |
| Medicated shampoos can be very strong and in some cases: | Must sit on the scalp for a longer period |
| Clarifying shampoos contain acidic ingredients that: | Cut through product buildup |
| Dry shampooing is recommended: | For elderly clients |
| A shampoo that combines a surfactant base with basic colors is: | Color-enhancing shampoo |
| A temporary remedy for hair that is dry or damaged is: | Conditioner |
| The texture and structure of the hair are controlled by: | Heredity, health, and diet |
| Rinse-through finishing rinses are useful for: | Detangling hair after washing |
| For repair and treatment, deep, penetrating conditioners must be left on the hair for: | 10-20 minutes |
| Most conditioners contain: | Humectants |
| The cuticle of the hair is the outermost layer and is made of: | Overlapping scales |
| Instant conditioners fall in the pH range of 3.5 to 6.0 and are used to: | Restore pH balance |
| Scalp astringent lotion is a conditioning agent applied to the scalp to: | Remove oil accumulation |
| Quaternary Ammonium compounds are included in the formulas of moisturizers for their ability to: | Attach to hair fibers |
| To increase hair Diameter slightly, choose a: | protein conditioner |
| Concentrated protein conditioners are designed to: | Penetrate the cortex |
| Hair treated with a concentrated protien conditioner has all the following qualities except: | Improve quality of new hair growth |
| Deep conditioning treatments are the chosen therapy when__ is needed. | Equal moisturizing and protein treatment |
| To protect hair from the harmful effects of blow-drying and electric rollers, use: | spray-on thermal protectors |
| If your client has a dry scalp, the condition maybe helped by a: | Scalp conditioner |
| For a client with straight, fine hair, all the following products are recommended except: | Moisturizing shampoo |
| If your client has dry, damaged hair, all the following products are recommended except: | Acid-balanced shampoo |
| Correct hair brushing stimulates blood circulation to the scalp and helps: | Remove dust ,dirt, and spray build up |
| Brushing should be part of most hair services except before a: | Chemical service |
| The most highly recommended hairbrushes are made from: | Natural bristles |
| The best method for hair brushing is to: | Part it into sections |
| One method of providing scalp stimulation is: | Massage |
| Scalp massage is an extra that keeps your clients coming back, and to be successful it's important to: | Know the location of blood vessels |
| Scalp manipulation techniques include all the following except: | Rapid eye movement |
| The most important rule regarding posture when shampooing is to: | Keep your shoulders back |
| All the following items are routinely used when giving a shampoo except: | An infrared lamp |
| Part of shampoo preparation is to: | Examine the client's hair and scalp |
| When performing the shampoo service, an important consideration is: | The water temperature |
| During a shampoo, when manipulating the scalp, use firm pressure if: | The client has healthy hair and scalp |
| After applying small quantities of shampoo, the next step in the shampoo procedure is to: | Manipulate the scalp |
| Part of the cleanup and sanitation process at the end of shampooing is: | Disinfecting combs and brushes |
| Following shampooing and rinsing, the next step is to: | Apply a conditioner |
| After applying conditioner: | Gently comb it through the hair |
| When applying a deep conditioning treatment, you may have to: | Place the client under a heated dryer |
| After shampooing, chemically treated hair tends to: | Tangle |
| Begin with a shampoo, brushing and scalp massage when you are doing: | Hairstyling |
| When using dry shampoo for a client with a health problem, apply it: | Directly onto the hair |
| When servicing clients with special needs, always: | Ask their preferences |
| The purpose of a general scalp treatment is: | Keeping the scalp clean and healthy |
| All the following are steps in a normal hair and scalp treatment except: | Vigorously brushing the scalp |
| A dry hair and scalp treatment is recommended for: | a deficiency of natural oils |
| A useful appliance for a dry hair and scalp treatment is: | A scalp steamer |
| Kneading the scalp to increase blood circulation is helpful to: | Normalize overactive sebaceous glands |
| During a dandruff treatment, an effective therapy is: | High-frequency current |
| In a haircut, designs lines that are proportionate are established by using: | Reference points |
| The highest point on top of the head is called the: | Apex |
| The widest area of the head, also called the crest area, is the: | Parietal ridge |
| The bone that protrudes at the base of the skull is the: | Occipital bone |
| The two front corners represent the widest points in the: | Fringe (bangs) area |
| The area Between the apex and the back of the patietal ridge is the: | Crown |
| The fringe (bangs) area, when combed into natural falling position, falls no farther than: | The outer corners of the eyes |
| You can locate the top of the head by parting the hair: | At the parietal ridge |
| Straight lines that are parallel to the horizon, or the floor are called: | Horizontal lines |
| The technique in which the ends of the hair are cut at a slight taper, using diagonal lines, is called | Beveling |
| The uniformed working areas into which the hair is parted for control are called: | Sections |
| The angle or degree at which a subsection of hair is held from the head when cutting is called: | Elevation |
| When you elevate the hair below 90 degrees, you are: | Building weight |
| As a rule, the more you elevate the hair, the__you create. | More graduation |
| The section of hair that determines the length the hair will be cut us called the: | Guideline |
| A guideline that does not move as the haircut progresses is called a: | Stationary guideline |
| A guideline that moves with you as you work through the haircut is a: | Traveling guideline |
| The cutting line is the angle at which the: | Fingers are held during cutting |
| Combing the hair away from its natural falling position, rather than straight out from the head, toward a guideline is called: | Overdirection |
| When you use overdirection to create a length or weight increase in a haircut, you use a: | Stationary guideline |
| When you are creating__,you use a traveling guide, with no overdirection, to create the same length throughout the haircut. | Uniform layers |
| Straight hair shrinks when it dries by about: | 1/4 to 1/2 inch |
| As it dries, curly hair shrinks by: | 1/2 to two inches |
| The direction in which the hair grows from the scalp is called its: | Growth pattern |
| An important part of client consultation before a hair cut is analyzing the: | Face shape |
| The five characteristics that determine the behavior of the hair are: density, texture, wave patterns,: | Hairlines and growth patterns |
| Hair texture is based on the: | Diameter of each hair strand |
| Wave pattern is defined as the amount of__in the hair strand. | Movement |
| The tool used to cut blunt or straight lines in the hair is: | Haircutting shears |
| When a softer effect is desired on the ends of the hair, the tool generally used is the: | A straight razor |
| The comb generally used in the shears-over comb technique is the: | Barber comb |
| The tool used mainly to remove bulk from the hair is the: | Thinning shears |
| In general, the hand that does most of the work in the haircutting is the: | Cutting hand |
| When holding the shears, the ring finger is placed in the: | Finger grip of still blade |
| When combing the hair during a haircut, it is necessary to: | Palm the shears |
| When holding a razor with the handle higher than the shank, the little finger is placed in the: | Tang |
| The fine teeth of the styling comb are used to: | Comb the subsection before cutting |
| The amount of pressure applied when combing and holding a subsection of hair is called: | Tension |
| When cutting straight hair with precise lines, use: | Maximum tension |
| When cutting uniform or increasing layers, the hand position used most often is: | Cutting over the fingers |
| When cutting with a vertical or diagonal cutting line, the best way to control the subsection is by: | Cutting palm to palm |
| A good safety and sanitation measure is to sweep up cut hair and dispose of it: | Before blow-drying the client |
| The blade in your razor should be replaced: | Prior to each new client |
| The blunt haircut is also referred to as the: | Zero-elevation degree |
| The graduated haircut is most commonly cut with an elevation of: | 45 degrees |
| A long layered haircut is cut at a: | 180-degrees angle |
| In a layered haircut, the ends of the hair appear: Layers create movement and volume in the hair, and the ends appear: | Farther apart |
| Cutting hair that is partly damp and partly dry will give you: | Uneven results |
| Checking the length of a haircut by parting the hair in the opposite way from which you cut it is called: | Cross-checking |
| If you use vertical partings in a haircut, you should cross-check the lengths with: | Horizontal partings |
| Tilting the client's head forward while cutting a blunt haircut will result in: | Slight graduation of the line |
| A classic A-line bob is cut with a: | Diagonal cutting line |
| In uniform-layered haircut, all the hair is: | Cut at the same length |
| Curly hair behaves differently from straight hair, for instance, it: | Shrinks more after it dries |
| When cutting curly hair, one tool you should avoid using is: | A razor |
| The fringe area is approximately between the: | outer corners of the eyes |
| Cutting the hair with a razor generally gives a softer appearance to the hair, in part because the hair ends are cut: | At an angle |
| One way in which razor cutting differs from cutting with shears is that: | The guide is above the fingers |
| A razor should not be used on: | Dry hair |
| The method of cutting hair in which the fingers and shears glide along the edge of the hair to remove length is called: | Slide cutting |
| Snipping out pieces of hair at random intervals with the tips of the shears is known as: | Free-hand notching |
| A barbering technique that has crossed over into cosmetology is: | Shears-over-comb |
| When using the shears-over-comb technique, the comb is held: | At an angle to the head |
| When using the shears-over-comb technique, work with areas: | No wider than the blade |
| In The Shears-over-comb technique, an important point to remember is that: | One blade stays still |
| The process of removing excess bulk without shortening the length is called: | Texturizing |
| A texturizing technique similar to razor-over-comb is: | Razor rotation |
| A more modern term for "thinning" is: | Removing weight |
| Among the tools to have on hand when clipper cutting, the tool that allows you to cut all the hair evenly to one exact length is the: | Length guard attachment |
| The best way to create a flat-top or square shape close to the scalp is with: | Clippers |
| In the clipper-over-comb technique, the clippers move: | Sideways across the comb |
| When cutting with clippers, especially in the nape, always work: | Against the natural growth patterns |
| Smaller-sized, cordless clippers used to mainly clean necklines and around the ears are called: | Edgers |
| The comb used with clippers that allows you to cut the hair very short and close to the head is the: | Barber comb |
| Facial hair is very: | Coarse |
| The process of shaping and directing the hair into a pattern of S-shaped waves with the fingers, combs, and waving lotion is called: | Finger waving |
| Waving lotion is a type of hair gel used during finger waving to keep the hair: | Pliable |
| A good waving lotion for finger waving is harmless to the hair and: | Does not flake when dry |
| Finger wave lotion should be applied: | To one side of the head at a time |
| When finger waving, pinching or pushing ridges with the fingers will create: | Overdirection of the ridge |
| The three main parts of a pin curl are the base, stem, and: | Circle |
| The section of the pin curl between the base and the first arc is the: | Stem |
| The stationary part of the pin curl is the: | Base |
| A tight, firm, long lasting curl is produced by the: | No-stem curl |
| The greatest curl mobility is achieved with the: | Full-stem curl |
| A section of hair that is molded in a circular movement in preparation for the formation of curls is a: | Shaping |
| Open center curls produce: | Uniform curls |
| Pin curls that are good for fine hair and produce a fluffy curl are: | closed center curls |
| The most common pin curl base you will use is the: | Arc base |
| In a pin curl set, the finished curl is not affected by the: | Shape of the base |
| Triangular pin curl bases are used to: | Prevent splits in the finished style |
| Pin curls bases suitable for curly hair styles without much volume or lift are the: | Square base |
| An important technique to use when making pin curls is: | Ribboning |
| Pin curls sliced from a shaping and formed without lifting the hair from the head are called: | Carved curls |
| Pin curls are correctly anchored when: | the clip enters at the open end |
| Curls used to create a wave behind a ridge are called: | Ridge curls |
| Two rows of ridge curls create: | A strong wave pattern |
| Pin curls used to achieve height in the hair design are: | Cascade curls |
| Barrel curls are fastened to the head in a standing position on a: | Rectangular base |
| A roller holds the equivalent of: | two to four stand-up curls |
| Rollers are different from pin curls in several ways, one way being that they: | Give a stronger sets |
| The panel of hair on which the roller is placed is called the: | Base |
| The hair between the scalp and the first turn of the roller is the: | Stem |
| The part of a roller curl that determines the size of the wave or curl is the: | Circle or curl |
| If hair is wound 1-1/2 turns around a roller, it will create: | A C-shape |
| A C-shape will result if the hair is wound around a roller: | Five turns |
| The volume achieved in a hairstyle is determined by the size of the roller and: | How it sits on its base |
| An on-base roller curl produces: | Full volume |
| For the least amount of volume in a roller set, use the: | off-base method |
| A loose roller that is not properly secured to the head will result in: | A weak set |
| Hot rollers and Velcro rollers are used: | Only on dry hair |
| Back-combing and back-brushing are used to: | Remove roller indentations |
| Teasing, ratting, matting, and French lacing are other terms for: | Back-combing |
| Ruffing is another name for: | Back-brushing |
| A technique used to keep curly or extremely curly hair smooth and straight is: | Hair wrapping |
| The part of a blow-dryer that directs the air stream to any section of the hair more intensely is the: | Concentrator |
| The diffuser attachment of a blow-dryer causes the air to flow: | More softly |
| It is particularly important that the air intake at the back of a blow-dryer be kept: | Clear |
| Combs with closely spaced teeth: | Create a smooth surface |
| A classic styling brush has a: | Half-rounded rubber base |
| The brush that is generally oval with pure natural bristles or quills of bristle and nylon mix is the: | Grooming brush |
| Smaller round brushes used during blow-drying: | Add more curl |
| A light, airy, whipped styling product that resembles shaving foam is: | Mousse |
| The most widely used hairstyling product is: | Hair spray |
| A hair styling product that adds considerable weight to the hair is: | Pomade or wax |
| Guidelines for blow-drying the hair include directing the blow-dryer: | From scalp to ends |
| Creating an updo can be difficult on hair that has been: | Freshly washed |
| Another term for thermal waving is: | Marcel waving |
| Thermal waving and curling are done on: | Dry hair |
| To hold an even temperature, thermal irons should be made of the best quality: | Steel |
| A conventional thermal iron is: | Stove-heated |
| Electric vaporizing irons should not be used on pressed hair because they caused the hair to: | Become flat and limp |
| For white, lightened, or tinted hair, it is advisable: | To use lukewarm thermal irons |
| The styling portion of a thermal iron consists of a rod and: | Shell |
| The required Temperature of heated thermal irons depends on the: | Texture of the hair |
| The texture of heated thermal irons is tested on: | A piece of tissue paper |
| A thermal comb should be made of: | Hard rubber |
| When manipulating thermal irons, the rolling movement should be done with the: | Fingers |
| To give a finished appearance to hair ends, use: | End curls |
| A method of thermal-curling the hair by winding a strand around the rod to create hanging curls: | Spiral curls |
| Volume thermal iron curls are used to provide a finished hairstyle with: | Lift |
| A volume-base thermal curl is formed by placing the curl: | Forward and high on its base |
| Full-base thermal curls provide: | A strong curl with full volume |
| In half-base curls the hair is held at a: | 90-degree angle |
| The thermal curl that offers the least lift or volume is the: | Off-base curl |
| To ensure a good thermal curl or wave he hair must be: | Clean |
| In thermal curling or waving, fishhook hair ends are caused when the: | Hair ends protrude from the irons |
| Hair pressing: | Temporary straightens hair |
| Hair straightening, or pressing, is a popular service that lasts: | Until the next shampoo |
| Types of hair pressing are the soft press, hard press, and: | Medium press |
| The type of hair pressing that removes 50% to 60% of the curl is the: | Soft press |
| The temperature of the pressing comb should be adjusted to the hair's: | Texture |
| The least difficult type of hair to press is: | Medium curly hair |
| The type of hair that requires the least heat and pressure with a pressing comb is: | Fine |
| Applying a heated pressing comb twice on each side of the hair is know as a: | Hard press |
| Burnt hair strands: | Cannot be conditioned |
| In pressing coarse hair, more heat is required because it: | has the greatest diameter |
| To avoid breakage when pressing fine hair, you should use: | Less heat and pressure |
| The use of excess heat on gray, tinted, or lightened hair may: | Discolor the hair |
| Failure to correct dry and brittle hair before thermal straightening may result in: | Hair breakage |
| To avoid smoke or burning while pressing hair, use: | Less pressing oil |
| A hard press in which a hot curling iron is passed though the hair first is called: | A double press |
| Hair pressing treatment between shampoos are called: | Touch-ups |
| Hair that is wiry and curly: | Is difficult to press |
| Before preforming a hair press, the hair should be divided into: | Four sections |
| A scalp may be classified as normal, flexible, or: | Tight |
| Applying the thermal pressing comb once on each side of the hair is required for a: | Soft press |
| Pressing combs should be constructed of good quality steel or: | Brass |
| The actual pressing or straightening of the hair is accomplished with the comb's: | Back rod |
| Pressing oil may be applied either before or after the hair is: | Thoroughly dried |
| The hair and scalp may be conditioned with special hair products, hair brushing, and: | Scalp massage |
| The metal portion of a pressing comb may be immersed in a solution of__for 1 hour to give it a smooth and shiny appearance. | Hot baking soda |
| Too frequent hair pressing treatments can cause: | Breaking and shortening of the hair |
| Carbon may be removed from the pressing comb by rubbing with: | Fine sandpaper |
| Do not use__when pressing short hair at the temple and back of neck. | High heat |
| The air of braiding, which is an important tradition in many cultures, originated in: | Africa |
| In traditional cultures, braiding patterns often signified: | Social and marital Status |
| Natural hairstyling works with the hair's: | Curl or coil pattern |
| In the context of braiding, hair texture involves three qualities; wave pattern, feel, and: | Diameter |
| When styling with braids for a round facial type, it is useful to include: | Updo braiding |
| The right tool are essential for braiding, including: | A tail comb |
| The material kanekalon is used for: | Synthetic hair extensions |
| In general, it is best to braid the hair: | When it is dry |
| Textured hair present styling challenges because it is: | Fagile both wet and dry |
| When preparing textured hair for braiding, separate thicker hair into: | Many sections |
| A three-strand braid created with the underhand technique is called a/an: | Visible braid |
| The overhand pick-up technique is used to create: | An invisible braid |
| A braid made with two strands twisted around each other is called: | A rope braid |
| A fishtail braid is a two-strand braid in which hair is: | Picked up from the sides |
| Single braids, box braids, and individual braids are all: | Free-hanging braids |
| The partings for single braids can be square, triangular, or: | Rectangular |
| The foundation of beautiful cornrows is: | Consistent and even partings |
| When using the feed-in method of cornrowing, you are adding: | Extensions |
| Dreadlocks can be started using the: | Palm roll |
| In the development of dreadlocks, the lock is closed at the end and the hair is tightly meshed into a rope like cylinder during the: | Maturation stage |
| Hair Services that cause a chemical change that permanently alters the natural wave pattern of the hair are called: | Chemical texture services |
| A strong compact cuticle makes for: | Resistant hair |
| Porous, damaged, or chemically treated hair requires a perm solution that is: | Less Alkine |
| Changing the natural wave pattern of the hair made possible by the breaking of the: | Side bonds |
| Of the three types of side bonds, disulfide bonds are the: | Strongest |
| Salt bonds are easily broken by: | Changes in pH |
| An example of a physical change is a: | Wet set |
| Hydrogen bonds are very weak, but they account for about__of hair's total strength. | 1/3 |
| By making a point of keeping accurate, up-to-date client records, you will: | Improve your technical skills |
| The most important factors to consider in a hair analysis for chemical texture,density, porosity, elasticity, and: | Growth direction |
| Hair texture is described with the terms: | Coarse, medium, and fine |
| When treated with chemical texture services, coarse hair is usually: | Harder to penetrate |
| The hair texture that is the most fragile and easiest to process with permanent waving solution is: | Fine hair |
| The single most important factor in determining the ability of hair to hold a curl is its: | Elasticity |
| Wet hair with normal elasticity can stretch up to__percent of its original length and then return to that length without breaking. | 50 |
| The first part to any perm, wrapping the hair on perm rods, causes a/an: | Physical change |
| The second part of any perm, the application of waving solution and neutralizer, cause a: | Chemical change |
| The major difference between a wet set and a perm is the: | Type of side bonds broken |
| The size of the perm tool determines the: | Size of the curl |
| Wrapping the hair on small tools increase the: | Tension |
| For perm wrapping, the hair is divided into panels, then into: | Base sections |
| The position of the tool in relation to its base section is called the: | Base control |
| Base control is determined by the angle: | At which the hair is wrapped |
| The hair is wrapped at an angle 45 degrees beyond perpendicular to its base section in: | on-base placement |
| In off-base placement, the hair is wrapped__to its base section. | 45 degrees below |
| Because it places additional stress and tension on the hair, caution should be used with: | On-base placement |
| Of the various base controls, the least amount of volume is created by using: | off-base placement |
| The angle at which the perm tool is positioned on the head is referred to as the: | Base direction |
| The wrapping technique in which the hair is wrapped from the ends to the scalp in overlapping layers is called: | Croquignole wrapping |
| In the spiral perm wrapping technique, the hair is wrapped: | At an angle other than perpendicular |
| Rods with a smaller circumference in the center than at the ends are called: | Concave rods |
| Rods with the same circumference along their length or curling area are called: | Straight rods |
| The distinguishing feature of soft bender rods is that they can be: | Bent into many shapes |
| Circle tools or loop rods are ideal for: | Spiral wrapping very long hair |
| End wraps are absorbent papers used when winding hair on perm tools to: | Control the hair ends |
| When you place one end paper over the top of the hair strand as you wrap it around the perm tool, it is called a: | Single flat wrap |
| When you fold one end paper in half over the hair ends like an envelope, it is called a: | Bookend wrap |
| The end paper technique that provides the most control over the hair ends and keeps them evenly distributed is the: | Double flat wrap |
| Permanent waving solution breaks the disulfide bonds in the cortex through a chemical reaction called: | Reduction |
| In permanent waving solutions, thiol compounds act as: | Reducing agents |
| Ammonium thioglycolate is produced by adding__to thioglycolic acid. | Ammonia |
| Alkaline waves are also called: | Cold waves |
| Most true acid waves: | Require heat to speed processing |
| Most of the acid waves in today's salons have a pH between: | 7.8 and 8.2 |
| Permanent waves that require heat from an outside source, usually a hair dryer are called: | Endothermic |
| One benefit of ammonia-free waves is that they: | Have no unpleasant ammonia odor |
| In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place as soon as the solution penetrates the hair, within the first: | 5 to 10 minutes |
| complete saturation of the hair is essential to proper processing in all permanent waves, but especially on: | Resistant hair |
| A properly processed permanent wave should break and rebuild about__percent of the hair's disulfide bonds. | 50 |
| If the hair is underprocessed: | Too few disulfide bonds are broken |
| Neutralizer performs two functions, deactivating any remaining waving solution in the hair and: | Rebuilding broken disulfide bonds |
| The chemical reaction involved in neutralizing is: | Oxidation |
| Perm solution should be rinsed from the hair for at least: | Five minutes |
| Perm solution should be rinsed from the hair before neutralizing to avoid scalp irritation and: | Lightening the hair color |
| After rinsing perm solution from the hair, the next step is to: | Blot the rods with towels |
| An optional step after blotting the hair and before applying neutralizer is to: | Apply a pre-neutralizing conditioner |
| The hydrogen atoms in the broken disulfide bonds are so strongly attracted to the oxygen in the neutralizer that they release their bonds with the: | Sulfur atoms |
| Unless the scalp is irritated, hair that has just been permed may be colored with:: | Demipermanent haircolor |
| It is safe to perm hair that: | Has been treated with thio relaxer |
| Metallic salts leave a coating on the hair that may cause severe discoloration, hair breakage, or: | Uneven curls |
| To test for metallic salts in the hair, immerse at least 20 strands in a mixture of peroxide and: | Ammonia |
| The basic perm wrap is also called a: | Straight set wrap |
| The perm wrap that creates a movement that curves within sectioned-out panels is the: | Curvature perm wrap |
| Zigzag parting are used to divide base areas in the perm wrapping technique called the: | Weave technique |
| The double tool perm technique is also called the: | Piggyback Wrap |
| The spiral perm technique: | Produces a uniform curl from scalp to ends |
| To determine the proper processing time needed for optimal curl development, you should do: | Preliminary test curls |
| When giving a partial perm, you can make a smooth transition from a rolled to`an unrolled section by using a__as the last tool next to an unrolled section. | Larger tool |
| The process of rearranging the basic structure of extremely curly hair into a straight form is called: | Chemical hair relaxing |
| Chemical hair relaxing is very similar to: | Permanent waving |
| All relaxers and permanents change the shape of the hair by: | Breaking disulfide bonds |
| Most relaxers contain the same ingredients used in: | Depilatories |
| Extremely curly hair: | Has varying diameters |
| Extremely curly hair is weakest at the: | Twists |
| Thio relaxers: | have a pH above 10 |
| Each step in the pH scale represents a__change in concentration | Tenfold |
| Hydroxide relaxers remove one atom of sulfur from a disulfide bond and convert it into a lanthionine bond in a process called: | Lanthionization |
| The disulfide bonds that are broken by hydroxide relaxers: | Can never be re-formed |
| The neutralization of hydroxide relaxers involves the use of: | Acid-balance shampoo |
| If you have treated a client's hair with a hydroxide relaxer, it cannot be treated with: | Soft curl permanents |
| Metal hydroxide relaxers are ionic compounds formed by a metal combined with: | Oxygen and hydrogen |
| Sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly called: | Lye relaxers |
| A chemical relaxer that straightens the hair completely but with much less scalp irritation than other hydroxide relaxers is: | Guanidine hydroxide relaxer |
| Chemical relaxers marketed as mild alternative relaxers are: | Sulfites |
| Mild strength relaxers are recommended for fine, damaged, or: | color-treated hair |
| The application for a virgin relaxer begins: | 1/4" to 1/2" away from the scalp |
| Relaxer should be applied to the most resistant area first which is usually the: | Back of the head |
| Normalizing solutions are conditioners with an acidic pH that are used in a relaxing procedure: | Prior to shampooing |
| To determine if the hair is sufficiently relaxed, do: | Periodic strand testing |
| To neutralize hydroxide relaxer, shampoo the hair with an acid balanced shampoo at least: | Three-times |
| A soft curl permanent: | Makes existing curls larger |
| A Jheri curl or soft curl permanent is a combination of a thio relaxer and: | A thio permanent |
| In a soft curl permanent, the hair is first relaxed, then wrapped: | On horizontal base sections |
| When applying a hydroxide relaxer: | Do not shampoo first |
| You should not attempt to remove more than_of the natural curl with chemical relaxing. | 80% |
| Pure or fundamental colors that that cannot be achieved from a mixture are called: | Primary colors |
| A tertiary color is achieved by mixing equal amounts of a secondary color and its neighboring: | Primary color |
| A primary and secondary color positioned opposite each other on the color wheel are: | Complementary color |
| A secondary color is obtained by mixing equal amounts of two: | Primary colors |
| Red, yellow, and blue are considered: | Primary colors |
| The darkest primary color is: | Blue |
| The secondary colors are orange, violet, and: | Green |
| The equal combination of yellow and blue creates: | Green |
| A complementary color combination is: | Red and green |
| Blue-green and red-violet are: | Tertiary colors |
| Fine-textured hair: | Takes color faster |
| The hair texture likely to take longer to process is: | Coarse hair |
| Hair that is resistant and requires a longer processing time usually has: | Low porosity |
| Hair with high porosity has a: | Lifted cuticle |
| If you test the hair between your fingers and it feels smooth, it has: | Low porosity |
| The underlying color that emerges during lightening is known as: | Contributing pigment |
| The type of melanin that gives the hair black and brown color is: | Eumelanin |
| Level is used to identify the: | Lightness or darkness of a color |
| Intensity describes the: | Strength of a color tone |
| A base color is the: | Lightness or darkness of a color |
| The warmth or coolness of a color is known as its: | Intensity |
| Hair lightening is also called bleaching or: | Decolorizing |
| Haircolors are divided into four general classifications based on their chemistry, which, in turn, affects the final color result and: | Lasting ability |
| Raising the cuticle of the hair so that the tint can penetrate is the function of the: | Alkalizing ingredient |
| The function of hydrogen peroxide in haircolor is to: | Break up the melanin |
| Temporary haircolor: | Makes a physical change |
| THe pigment molecules of semipermanent haircolor are: | Smaller than temporary color molecules |
| The hair color category that is considered semipermanent: | Requires a patch test |
| Demipermanent haircolor deposits color but does not: | Lift color |
| In recent years, demipermanent hair color has been used exclusively on the_of previously colored hair. | Midshaft to ends |
| The only hair color that has a lifting action on the hair is: | Permanent |
| Permanent hair colors are considered permanent because the tint molecules: | Are trapped in the cortex |
| Permanent haircolors contain uncolored dye precursors known as: | Aniline derivatives |
| The agent that, when mixed with an oxidative haircolor, supplies the oxygen to develop color molecules and create a change in hair color is the: | Developer |
| The most commonly used oxidizer in haircoloring is: | Hydrogen peroxide |
| Developers have a pH between: | 2.5 and 4.5 |
| The hydrogen peroxide used to provide maximum lift in a one-step color service is: | 40 volume |
| Henna is a type of: | Natural haircolor |
| Gradual colors, historically marketed to men, are also called: | Metallic haircolors |
| Lighteners work by: | Dispersing melanin |
| As soon as hydrogen peroxide is mixed into a lightener formula, it begins to: | Release oxygen |
| Toners are used primarily on: | Prelightened hair |
| When you decolorize a client's hair, your goal is to create the correct degree of: | Contributing pigment |
| The hair should never be lifted with lightener past: | Pale yellow |
| The most critical part of the color service is the: | Consultation |
| A client consultation for haircoloring should include: | Stating the cost of the service |
| A release Statement is used mainly to explain: | If hair is in proper condition to receive color |
| A predisposition test is preformed to determine: | Allergy to aniline |
| A preliminary strand test should be preformed: | In the lower crown |
| Once a temporary color rinse has been applied: | Style as desired |
| How well semipermanent colors "take" depends on the: | Hair Porosity |
| The application procedure for demipermanent hair color is similar to that for: | Semipermanent color |
| In a double-process color application, the lightner is followed by application of: | The depositing color |
| Hair at the scalp processes color faster due to: | Body heat |
| Overlapping previously colored or lightened hair can: | Create lines of demarcation |
| Demipermanent color may be applied to hair ends during a retouch procedure only if: | The color is faded |
| Oil lightener is used to: | Lift one or two levels |
| Cream lighteners may be mixed with dry crystals known as: | Activators |
| Off-the-scalp lighteners: | Come in powder form |
| Powder lighteners should not be used for: | Retouch services |
| Hair takes longer to lighten: | The more melanin it has |
| When heat is used along with lightening chemicals, it softens the hair and can make it: | More fragile |
| If a preliminary strand test for lightening indicates the hair is not light enough, you can: | Increase the processing time |
| Partings for applying lightener should be: | 1/8" |
| In a lightening procedure, when you check a strand for lightening, you should: | Blot the strand with a damp towel |
| Before using a toner, you must achieve the proper: | Foundation |
| There are__degrees of decolorizing. | Ten |
| When a lightner is applied so that it overlaps previously lightened hair: | Breakage may occur |
| Using conditioner on the hair at the end of a toner application: | Lowers the pH |
| Coloring some hair strands lighter than the natural color is called: | Reverse highlighting |
| Low lighting is the technique of coloring strands of hair: | Darker than the natural color |
| The degree of highlighting or lowlighting you can achieve with the cap technique depends on the: | Number of strands pulled through |
| A complete haircolor record should include the: | Client's scalp condition |
| Painting a lightener directly on to clean,styled hair is known as the: | Balayage technique |
| If a client has unwanted orange tones,use a haircolor with a: | Blue base |
| Presoftening is preformed on gray or resistant hair to: | Open the cuticle |
| Fillers are used to equalize porosity and: | Deposit a base color |
| The foil technique of lightening can be done by either weaving or: | Slicing |
| Tint removal may be preformed if: | The haircolor is too dark |
| When preforming a tint back: | A filler may be used |
| After a tint has been mixed and used,any leftover tint: | Should be discarded |
| When formulating permanent color for hair that is 10-30% gray, your color choice should be: | 1 level lighter |
| When selecting a color filler: | Replace the hair's missing primary color |
| The first step in properly camouflaging excessive brassiness is to: | Identify actual color of brassiness |
| A soap cap involves using shampoo with: | Tint |
| A highlightening shampoo is a combination of shampoo and: | Hydrogen peroxide |
| An example of a double-process color application is: | Presoftening and tinting |
| A "gun-metal gray" shade is: | Is a sign that the hair is overly porous |
| A glaze, sometimes used to give the hair shine and tone,is usually a/an: | Demipermanent color |
| Highlighting services are also known as: | Dimensional haircoloring |
| When a very slight change in hair shade is desired, or when the client's hair processes very rapidly, consider using a: | Highlighting shampoo tint |
| The study of the skin and its nature,structure, functions, diseases, and treatment is known as: | Dermatology |
| A specialist in the cleansing, preservation of heel, and beautification of the skin and body is a/an: | Esthetician |
| Healthy skin is: | Slightly acid |
| The skin is thinnest on the: | Eyelids |
| Of all the skin on the body, the thickest is on the: | Palms and soles |
| The outer protective layer of skin is called the: | Epidermis |
| The epidermis does not contain any: | Blood vessels |
| Nerves, hair follicles, papillae, and sweat and oil glands are found in the: | Dermis |
| The stratum corneum has scale-like cells made up of: | Keratin |
| The layer of the epidermis that is continually being shed and replaced is the: | Stratum corneum |
| The stratum corneum is also known as the: | Horny layer |
| The growth of the epidermis begins in the: | Stratum germinativum |
| Melanin, which protects sensitive cells from the destructive effects of excessive UV rays, is found in the __ of the epidermis. | Stratum germinativum |
| The reticular and papillary layers are found in the: | True skin |
| The small, cone-shaped elevations at the bottom of the hair follicles are: | Papillae |
| The layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients is the: | Reticular layer |
| Subcutaneous tissue is a: | Fatty layer |
| The skin is nourished by: | Blood and lymph |
| Sensory nerve fibers in the skin react to: | Cold |
| The motor nerve fibers of the skin: | Cause goose bumps |
| the skin gets its strength, form and flexibility from: | Collagen and elastin |
| A protein fiber that helps the skin regain its shape, even after being repeatedly stretched, is: | Elastin |
| The sudoriferous glands regulate: | Body temperature |
| Sebaceous glands are found in all parts of the body except for the: | Palms and soles |
| The small openings of the sweat glands on the skin are called: | Sweat pores |
| The excretion of sweat from the skin is under the control of the: | Nervous system |
| The palms, soles, forehead, and armpits contain particularly numerous: | Sudoriferous glands |
| The sebaceous glands secrete: | Oil |
| The ducts of a sebaceous gland opens into the: | Hair follicle |
| The function of sebum is to: | Lubricate the skin |
| The blood and sweat glands of the skin regulate body heat by maintaining a Fahrenheit temperature of about: | 98.6 |
| Approximately 80 to 85 percent of the sound aging is caused by: | The sun's rays |
| Skin tissues wrinkle and sag because of the weakening of the: | Collagen and elastin fibers |
| The ultraviolet rays of the sun that are also called and "aging rays" are the: | Uva rays |
| The "burning rays" that can damage the skin and eyes are: | Uvb rays |
| Ultraviolet exposure is the highest between the hours of: | 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. |
| Uvb rays clause tanning of the skin by affecting the: | Melanocytes |
| Nicotine in tobacco causes contraction and weakening of the: | Blood vessels |
| An excessive intake of alcohol: | Overdilates blood vessels |
| If a client has a inflamed skin disorder that is not infectious, you should: | Refer the client to a physician |
| A papule is a: | Primary skin lesion |
| Pus is most likely to be found in: | Pustules |
| Poison oak and poison ivy produce: | Vesicles |
| The skin Lesions found in chapped lips and hands are: | Fissures |
| A closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, semi fluid, or morbid matter is a: | Cyst |
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angelfire