review for texas state board exam in cosmetology

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Answer

One-celled micro organisms with both plant and animal characteristics are know as:

Bacteria

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A type of pathogenic bacteria is the:

Parasite

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Harmful bacteria are referred to as:

Pathogenic

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Pathogenic bacteria produce

Disease

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A type of bacteria that lives on dead matter is:

Saprophytes

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Syphillis and Lyme disease are caused by;

Spirilla

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Cocci are bacteria with a: The type called cocci have a:

Round shape

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Bacilli are bacteria with a:

Rod shape

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Bacteria that are arranged like a string of beads and cause strep throat and blood poisoning are:

Streptococci

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Spirilla are bacteria with a:

Corkscrew shape

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The bacteria that caused concern in 2000 in the pedicure industry was:

Mycobacterium fortuitum furunculosis

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The bacteria that rarely show active motility, or self-movement, are the:

Cocci

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The slender, hair like extensions with which certain bacteria move about are called:

Flagella

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Bacteria cells reproduce by simply dividing into two new cells in a process called:

Mitosis

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During their inactive stage certain bacteria, such as the anthrax and tetanus bacilli form:

Spores

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A communicable disease is:

Transmitted from one person to another

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A general infection, such as __, affects the whole body.

Syphilis

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Pus is a sign of:

Infection

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Viruses cause:

Measles and hepatitis

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One difference between viruses and bacteria is that bacteria:

Can live on their own

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Hepatitis is a disease marked by inflammation of the:

Liver

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Acquired Immune Deficiency syndrome (AIDS) breaks down the body's:

Immune system

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AIDS is caused by:

The HIV virus

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The HIV virus can be transmitted by:

Sharp implements

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Bacteria and viruses can enter the body through:

Broken skin

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Molds, mildews and yest are all:

Fungi

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In a cosmetology school or a salon, clients with contagious diseases and conditions should be:

Referred to a physician

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Resistance to an infection is known as:

Immunity

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Surfaces of tools or other objects that are not free from dirt, oils, and microbes are:

Contaminated

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Removing pathogens and other substances from tools and surfaces is called:

Decontamination

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Sterilization it the only level of decontamination that kills:

Bacterial spores

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Sterilization is used by:

Surgeons

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Surfaces that may be disinfected are:

Nonporous surfaces

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Disinfectants should never be used on human skin, hair,or nails because:

Damage can result

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All disinfectants must be approved by each individual state and the:

EPA

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Every product used in the cosmetology school or salon should have a/an:

MSDS

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Important information found on an MSDS includes:

Storage requirements

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OSHA was created to regulate and enforce:

Safety and health standards

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A disinfectant that is "Formulated for Hospitals and Health Care Facilities" must be pseudomonacidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, and:

Virucidal

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A salon implement that comes in contact with blood or body fluids should be cleaned and completely immersed in an EPA-registered tuberculocidal disinfectant or one that kills the:

HBV and HIV virus

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Any item that is used on a client must be disinfected or:

Discarded

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Before soaking in a disinfectant, implements must be thoroughly:

Cleaned

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Ultrasonic bath cleaners are an effective way to clean tiny crevices in implements only when used with:

An effective disinfectant

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Most quaternary ammonium compound disinfect implements in:

10-15 minutes

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Phenolic disinfectants in 5 percent solution are used mostly for:

Metal implements

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Two disinfectants used in the salon in the past, but since replaced by more advanced and effective technologies, are:

Alcohol and bleach

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States requiring hospital disinfection do not allow the use of __ for disinfection of implements.

Alcohol

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The technical name for bleach is:

Sodium Hypochlorite

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A product that is not considered safe for salon use because it caused a number of health problems is:

Formalin

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Implements can be removed from disinfectants with any of these except:

Bare fingers

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The solution used in a wet sanitizer should be changed:

Once a day

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When mixing disinfectants, always:

Add disinfectant to water

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Properly disinfected implements should be stored in a/an:

Disinfected and covered container

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Ultraviolet (UV) sanitizers are useful for:

Storing disinfected implements

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Linens and capes or drapes should be used once and then laundered with:

Bleach

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Those parts of tools such as such as hair clippers that can not be immersed in liquid:

Should be disinfected

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Foot spas should e disinfected with an EPA-registered disinfectant with bacterial, fungicidal, virucidal (and in some states tuberculocidal)efficacy:

After each client

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Every two weeks, foot spas should be filled with __ that should be left to sit over night.

A 5 percent bleach solution

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When disposing of contaminated wipes or cotton balls from a blood spill,they should be:

Doubled-bagged before disposing

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The third, or lowest, level of decontamination is:

Sanitation

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Washing your hands is an example of:

Sanitation

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Rather than using bar soaps, which can grow bacteria you should provide;

Pump-type liquid soap

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In the salon, it is generally considered sufficient to wash the hands with:

Soap and warm water

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The products know as antiseptics:

Can safely be applied to skin

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The guidelines and controls the require employer and employee to assume that all human blood and specified body fluids are infectious for HIV, HBV,and other bloodborne pathogens is called:

Universal Precautions

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The primary purpose of shampooing in the salon is to:

Cleanse the hair and scalp

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When selecting a shampoo consider the:

Condition of the client's hair

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The ph level is an indicator of:

Whether a solution is acid or alkaline

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Jheri Redding was the first in the salon industry to market "pH-balanced shampoos," which were:

More acidic

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Fresh water is purified by:

Sedimentation and filtration

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The softness or hardness of water is related to the:

ghof minerals present

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The main ingredient of shampoo is:

Purified water

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The effectiveness of surfactants is due to:

The surfactant molecule

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Surfactant molecules work by:

Lifting off oils and dirt into the water

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The highest dollar expenditure for hair care products is for:

Shampoo

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The pH in acid-balanced shampoo is:

Between 4.5 and 5.5

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Conditioning shampoos contain agents that restore moisture and elasticity and:

Add volume

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Medicated shampoos can be very strong and in some cases:

Must sit on the scalp for a longer period

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Clarifying shampoos contain acidic ingredients that:

Cut through product buildup

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Dry shampooing is recommended:

For elderly clients

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A shampoo that combines a surfactant base with basic colors is:

Color-enhancing shampoo

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A temporary remedy for hair that is dry or damaged is:

Conditioner

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The texture and structure of the hair are controlled by:

Heredity, health, and diet

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Rinse-through finishing rinses are useful for:

Detangling hair after washing

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For repair and treatment, deep, penetrating conditioners must be left on the hair for:

10-20 minutes

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Most conditioners contain:

Humectants

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The cuticle of the hair is the outermost layer and is made of:

Overlapping scales

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Instant conditioners fall in the pH range of 3.5 to 6.0 and are used to:

Restore pH balance

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Scalp astringent lotion is a conditioning agent applied to the scalp to:

Remove oil accumulation

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Quaternary Ammonium compounds are included in the formulas of moisturizers for their ability to:

Attach to hair fibers

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To increase hair Diameter slightly, choose a:

protein conditioner

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Concentrated protein conditioners are designed to:

Penetrate the cortex

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Hair treated with a concentrated protien conditioner has all the following qualities except:

Improve quality of new hair growth

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Deep conditioning treatments are the chosen therapy when__ is needed.

Equal moisturizing and protein treatment

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To protect hair from the harmful effects of blow-drying and electric rollers, use:

spray-on thermal protectors

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If your client has a dry scalp, the condition maybe helped by a:

Scalp conditioner

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For a client with straight, fine hair, all the following products are recommended except:

Moisturizing shampoo

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If your client has dry, damaged hair, all the following products are recommended except:

Acid-balanced shampoo

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Correct hair brushing stimulates blood circulation to the scalp and helps:

Remove dust ,dirt, and spray build up

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Brushing should be part of most hair services except before a:

Chemical service

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The most highly recommended hairbrushes are made from:

Natural bristles

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The best method for hair brushing is to:

Part it into sections

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One method of providing scalp stimulation is:

Massage

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Scalp massage is an extra that keeps your clients coming back, and to be successful it's important to:

Know the location of blood vessels

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Scalp manipulation techniques include all the following except:

Rapid eye movement

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The most important rule regarding posture when shampooing is to:

Keep your shoulders back

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All the following items are routinely used when giving a shampoo except:

An infrared lamp

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Part of shampoo preparation is to:

Examine the client's hair and scalp

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When performing the shampoo service, an important consideration is:

The water temperature

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During a shampoo, when manipulating the scalp, use firm pressure if:

The client has healthy hair and scalp

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After applying small quantities of shampoo, the next step in the shampoo procedure is to:

Manipulate the scalp

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Part of the cleanup and sanitation process at the end of shampooing is:

Disinfecting combs and brushes

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Following shampooing and rinsing, the next step is to:

Apply a conditioner

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After applying conditioner:

Gently comb it through the hair

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When applying a deep conditioning treatment, you may have to:

Place the client under a heated dryer

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After shampooing, chemically treated hair tends to:

Tangle

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Begin with a shampoo, brushing and scalp massage when you are doing:

Hairstyling

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When using dry shampoo for a client with a health problem, apply it:

Directly onto the hair

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When servicing clients with special needs, always:

Ask their preferences

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The purpose of a general scalp treatment is:

Keeping the scalp clean and healthy

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All the following are steps in a normal hair and scalp treatment except:

Vigorously brushing the scalp

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A dry hair and scalp treatment is recommended for:

a deficiency of natural oils

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A useful appliance for a dry hair and scalp treatment is:

A scalp steamer

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Kneading the scalp to increase blood circulation is helpful to:

Normalize overactive sebaceous glands

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During a dandruff treatment, an effective therapy is:

High-frequency current

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In a haircut, designs lines that are proportionate are established by using:

Reference points

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The highest point on top of the head is called the:

Apex

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The widest area of the head, also called the crest area, is the:

Parietal ridge

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The bone that protrudes at the base of the skull is the:

Occipital bone

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The two front corners represent the widest points in the:

Fringe (bangs) area

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The area Between the apex and the back of the patietal ridge is the:

Crown

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The fringe (bangs) area, when combed into natural falling position, falls no farther than:

The outer corners of the eyes

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You can locate the top of the head by parting the hair:

At the parietal ridge

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Straight lines that are parallel to the horizon, or the floor are called:

Horizontal lines

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The technique in which the ends of the hair are cut at a slight taper, using diagonal lines, is called

Beveling

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The uniformed working areas into which the hair is parted for control are called:

Sections

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The angle or degree at which a subsection of hair is held from the head when cutting is called:

Elevation

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When you elevate the hair below 90 degrees, you are:

Building weight

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As a rule, the more you elevate the hair, the__you create.

More graduation

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The section of hair that determines the length the hair will be cut us called the:

Guideline

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A guideline that does not move as the haircut progresses is called a:

Stationary guideline

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A guideline that moves with you as you work through the haircut is a:

Traveling guideline

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The cutting line is the angle at which the:

Fingers are held during cutting

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Combing the hair away from its natural falling position, rather than straight out from the head, toward a guideline is called:

Overdirection

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When you use overdirection to create a length or weight increase in a haircut, you use a:

Stationary guideline

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When you are creating__,you use a traveling guide, with no overdirection, to create the same length throughout the haircut.

Uniform layers

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Straight hair shrinks when it dries by about:

1/4 to 1/2 inch

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As it dries, curly hair shrinks by:

1/2 to two inches

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The direction in which the hair grows from the scalp is called its:

Growth pattern

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An important part of client consultation before a hair cut is analyzing the:

Face shape

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The five characteristics that determine the behavior of the hair are: density, texture, wave patterns,:

Hairlines and growth patterns

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Hair texture is based on the:

Diameter of each hair strand

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Wave pattern is defined as the amount of__in the hair strand.

Movement

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The tool used to cut blunt or straight lines in the hair is:

Haircutting shears

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When a softer effect is desired on the ends of the hair, the tool generally used is the:

A straight razor

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The comb generally used in the shears-over comb technique is the:

Barber comb

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The tool used mainly to remove bulk from the hair is the:

Thinning shears

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In general, the hand that does most of the work in the haircutting is the:

Cutting hand

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When holding the shears, the ring finger is placed in the:

Finger grip of still blade

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When combing the hair during a haircut, it is necessary to:

Palm the shears

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When holding a razor with the handle higher than the shank, the little finger is placed in the:

Tang

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The fine teeth of the styling comb are used to:

Comb the subsection before cutting

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The amount of pressure applied when combing and holding a subsection of hair is called:

Tension

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When cutting straight hair with precise lines, use:

Maximum tension

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When cutting uniform or increasing layers, the hand position used most often is:

Cutting over the fingers

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When cutting with a vertical or diagonal cutting line, the best way to control the subsection is by:

Cutting palm to palm

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A good safety and sanitation measure is to sweep up cut hair and dispose of it:

Before blow-drying the client

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The blade in your razor should be replaced:

Prior to each new client

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The blunt haircut is also referred to as the:

Zero-elevation degree

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The graduated haircut is most commonly cut with an elevation of:

45 degrees

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A long layered haircut is cut at a:

180-degrees angle

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In a layered haircut, the ends of the hair appear: Layers create movement and volume in the hair, and the ends appear:

Farther apart

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Cutting hair that is partly damp and partly dry will give you:

Uneven results

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Checking the length of a haircut by parting the hair in the opposite way from which you cut it is called:

Cross-checking

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If you use vertical partings in a haircut, you should cross-check the lengths with:

Horizontal partings

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Tilting the client's head forward while cutting a blunt haircut will result in:

Slight graduation of the line

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A classic A-line bob is cut with a:

Diagonal cutting line

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In uniform-layered haircut, all the hair is:

Cut at the same length

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Curly hair behaves differently from straight hair, for instance, it:

Shrinks more after it dries

🗑

When cutting curly hair, one tool you should avoid using is:

A razor

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The fringe area is approximately between the:

outer corners of the eyes

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Cutting the hair with a razor generally gives a softer appearance to the hair, in part because the hair ends are cut:

At an angle

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One way in which razor cutting differs from cutting with shears is that:

The guide is above the fingers

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A razor should not be used on:

Dry hair

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The method of cutting hair in which the fingers and shears glide along the edge of the hair to remove length is called:

Slide cutting

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Snipping out pieces of hair at random intervals with the tips of the shears is known as:

Free-hand notching

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A barbering technique that has crossed over into cosmetology is:

Shears-over-comb

🗑

When using the shears-over-comb technique, the comb is held:

At an angle to the head

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When using the shears-over-comb technique, work with areas:

No wider than the blade

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In The Shears-over-comb technique, an important point to remember is that:

One blade stays still

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The process of removing excess bulk without shortening the length is called:

Texturizing

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A texturizing technique similar to razor-over-comb is:

Razor rotation

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A more modern term for "thinning" is:

Removing weight

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Among the tools to have on hand when clipper cutting, the tool that allows you to cut all the hair evenly to one exact length is the:

Length guard attachment

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The best way to create a flat-top or square shape close to the scalp is with:

Clippers

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In the clipper-over-comb technique, the clippers move:

Sideways across the comb

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When cutting with clippers, especially in the nape, always work:

Against the natural growth patterns

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Smaller-sized, cordless clippers used to mainly clean necklines and around the ears are called:

Edgers

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The comb used with clippers that allows you to cut the hair very short and close to the head is the:

Barber comb

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Facial hair is very:

Coarse

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The process of shaping and directing the hair into a pattern of S-shaped waves with the fingers, combs, and waving lotion is called:

Finger waving

🗑

Waving lotion is a type of hair gel used during finger waving to keep the hair:

Pliable

🗑

A good waving lotion for finger waving is harmless to the hair and:

Does not flake when dry

🗑

Finger wave lotion should be applied:

To one side of the head at a time

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When finger waving, pinching or pushing ridges with the fingers will create:

Overdirection of the ridge

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The three main parts of a pin curl are the base, stem, and:

Circle

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The section of the pin curl between the base and the first arc is the:

Stem

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The stationary part of the pin curl is the:

Base

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A tight, firm, long lasting curl is produced by the:

No-stem curl

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The greatest curl mobility is achieved with the:

Full-stem curl

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A section of hair that is molded in a circular movement in preparation for the formation of curls is a:

Shaping

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Open center curls produce:

Uniform curls

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Pin curls that are good for fine hair and produce a fluffy curl are:

closed center curls

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The most common pin curl base you will use is the:

Arc base

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In a pin curl set, the finished curl is not affected by the:

Shape of the base

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Triangular pin curl bases are used to:

Prevent splits in the finished style

🗑

Pin curls bases suitable for curly hair styles without much volume or lift are the:

Square base

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An important technique to use when making pin curls is:

Ribboning

🗑

Pin curls sliced from a shaping and formed without lifting the hair from the head are called:

Carved curls

🗑

Pin curls are correctly anchored when:

the clip enters at the open end

🗑

Curls used to create a wave behind a ridge are called:

Ridge curls

🗑

Two rows of ridge curls create:

A strong wave pattern

🗑

Pin curls used to achieve height in the hair design are:

Cascade curls

🗑

Barrel curls are fastened to the head in a standing position on a:

Rectangular base

🗑

A roller holds the equivalent of:

two to four stand-up curls

🗑

Rollers are different from pin curls in several ways, one way being that they:

Give a stronger sets

🗑

The panel of hair on which the roller is placed is called the:

Base

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The hair between the scalp and the first turn of the roller is the:

Stem

🗑

The part of a roller curl that determines the size of the wave or curl is the:

Circle or curl

🗑

If hair is wound 1-1/2 turns around a roller, it will create:

A C-shape

🗑

A C-shape will result if the hair is wound around a roller:

Five turns

🗑

The volume achieved in a hairstyle is determined by the size of the roller and:

How it sits on its base

🗑

An on-base roller curl produces:

Full volume

🗑

For the least amount of volume in a roller set, use the:

off-base method

🗑

A loose roller that is not properly secured to the head will result in:

A weak set

🗑

Hot rollers and Velcro rollers are used:

Only on dry hair

🗑

Back-combing and back-brushing are used to:

Remove roller indentations

🗑

Teasing, ratting, matting, and French lacing are other terms for:

Back-combing

🗑

Ruffing is another name for:

Back-brushing

🗑

A technique used to keep curly or extremely curly hair smooth and straight is:

Hair wrapping

🗑

The part of a blow-dryer that directs the air stream to any section of the hair more intensely is the:

Concentrator

🗑

The diffuser attachment of a blow-dryer causes the air to flow:

More softly

🗑

It is particularly important that the air intake at the back of a blow-dryer be kept:

Clear

🗑

Combs with closely spaced teeth:

Create a smooth surface

🗑

A classic styling brush has a:

Half-rounded rubber base

🗑

The brush that is generally oval with pure natural bristles or quills of bristle and nylon mix is the:

Grooming brush

🗑

Smaller round brushes used during blow-drying:

Add more curl

🗑

A light, airy, whipped styling product that resembles shaving foam is:

Mousse

🗑

The most widely used hairstyling product is:

Hair spray

🗑

A hair styling product that adds considerable weight to the hair is:

Pomade or wax

🗑

Guidelines for blow-drying the hair include directing the blow-dryer:

From scalp to ends

🗑

Creating an updo can be difficult on hair that has been:

Freshly washed

🗑

Another term for thermal waving is:

Marcel waving

🗑

Thermal waving and curling are done on:

Dry hair

🗑

To hold an even temperature, thermal irons should be made of the best quality:

Steel

🗑

A conventional thermal iron is:

Stove-heated

🗑

Electric vaporizing irons should not be used on pressed hair because they caused the hair to:

Become flat and limp

🗑

For white, lightened, or tinted hair, it is advisable:

To use lukewarm thermal irons

🗑

The styling portion of a thermal iron consists of a rod and:

Shell

🗑

The required Temperature of heated thermal irons depends on the:

Texture of the hair

🗑

The texture of heated thermal irons is tested on:

A piece of tissue paper

🗑

A thermal comb should be made of:

Hard rubber

🗑

When manipulating thermal irons, the rolling movement should be done with the:

Fingers

🗑

To give a finished appearance to hair ends, use:

End curls

🗑

A method of thermal-curling the hair by winding a strand around the rod to create hanging curls:

Spiral curls

🗑

Volume thermal iron curls are used to provide a finished hairstyle with:

Lift

🗑

A volume-base thermal curl is formed by placing the curl:

Forward and high on its base

🗑

Full-base thermal curls provide:

A strong curl with full volume

🗑

In half-base curls the hair is held at a:

90-degree angle

🗑

The thermal curl that offers the least lift or volume is the:

Off-base curl

🗑

To ensure a good thermal curl or wave he hair must be:

Clean

🗑

In thermal curling or waving, fishhook hair ends are caused when the:

Hair ends protrude from the irons

🗑

Hair pressing:

Temporary straightens hair

🗑

Hair straightening, or pressing, is a popular service that lasts:

Until the next shampoo

🗑

Types of hair pressing are the soft press, hard press, and:

Medium press

🗑

The type of hair pressing that removes 50% to 60% of the curl is the:

Soft press

🗑

The temperature of the pressing comb should be adjusted to the hair's:

Texture

🗑

The least difficult type of hair to press is:

Medium curly hair

🗑

The type of hair that requires the least heat and pressure with a pressing comb is:

Fine

🗑

Applying a heated pressing comb twice on each side of the hair is know as a:

Hard press

🗑

Burnt hair strands:

Cannot be conditioned

🗑

In pressing coarse hair, more heat is required because it:

has the greatest diameter

🗑

To avoid breakage when pressing fine hair, you should use:

Less heat and pressure

🗑

The use of excess heat on gray, tinted, or lightened hair may:

Discolor the hair

🗑

Failure to correct dry and brittle hair before thermal straightening may result in:

Hair breakage

🗑

To avoid smoke or burning while pressing hair, use:

Less pressing oil

🗑

A hard press in which a hot curling iron is passed though the hair first is called:

A double press

🗑

Hair pressing treatment between shampoos are called:

Touch-ups

🗑

Hair that is wiry and curly:

Is difficult to press

🗑

Before preforming a hair press, the hair should be divided into:

Four sections

🗑

A scalp may be classified as normal, flexible, or:

Tight

🗑

Applying the thermal pressing comb once on each side of the hair is required for a:

Soft press

🗑

Pressing combs should be constructed of good quality steel or:

Brass

🗑

The actual pressing or straightening of the hair is accomplished with the comb's:

Back rod

🗑

Pressing oil may be applied either before or after the hair is:

Thoroughly dried

🗑

The hair and scalp may be conditioned with special hair products, hair brushing, and:

Scalp massage

🗑

The metal portion of a pressing comb may be immersed in a solution of__for 1 hour to give it a smooth and shiny appearance.

Hot baking soda

🗑

Too frequent hair pressing treatments can cause:

Breaking and shortening of the hair

🗑

Carbon may be removed from the pressing comb by rubbing with:

Fine sandpaper

🗑

Do not use__when pressing short hair at the temple and back of neck.

High heat

🗑

The air of braiding, which is an important tradition in many cultures, originated in:

Africa

🗑

In traditional cultures, braiding patterns often signified:

Social and marital Status

🗑

Natural hairstyling works with the hair's:

Curl or coil pattern

🗑

In the context of braiding, hair texture involves three qualities; wave pattern, feel, and:

Diameter

🗑

When styling with braids for a round facial type, it is useful to include:

Updo braiding

🗑

The right tool are essential for braiding, including:

A tail comb

🗑

The material kanekalon is used for:

Synthetic hair extensions

🗑

In general, it is best to braid the hair:

When it is dry

🗑

Textured hair present styling challenges because it is:

Fagile both wet and dry

🗑

When preparing textured hair for braiding, separate thicker hair into:

Many sections

🗑

A three-strand braid created with the underhand technique is called a/an:

Visible braid

🗑

The overhand pick-up technique is used to create:

An invisible braid

🗑

A braid made with two strands twisted around each other is called:

A rope braid

🗑

A fishtail braid is a two-strand braid in which hair is:

Picked up from the sides

🗑

Single braids, box braids, and individual braids are all:

Free-hanging braids

🗑

The partings for single braids can be square, triangular, or:

Rectangular

🗑

The foundation of beautiful cornrows is:

Consistent and even partings

🗑

When using the feed-in method of cornrowing, you are adding:

Extensions

🗑

Dreadlocks can be started using the:

Palm roll

🗑

In the development of dreadlocks, the lock is closed at the end and the hair is tightly meshed into a rope like cylinder during the:

Maturation stage

🗑

Hair Services that cause a chemical change that permanently alters the natural wave pattern of the hair are called:

Chemical texture services

🗑

A strong compact cuticle makes for:

Resistant hair

🗑

Porous, damaged, or chemically treated hair requires a perm solution that is:

Less Alkine

🗑

Changing the natural wave pattern of the hair made possible by the breaking of the:

Side bonds

🗑

Of the three types of side bonds, disulfide bonds are the:

Strongest

🗑

Salt bonds are easily broken by:

Changes in pH

🗑

An example of a physical change is a:

Wet set

🗑

Hydrogen bonds are very weak, but they account for about__of hair's total strength.

1/3

🗑

By making a point of keeping accurate, up-to-date client records, you will:

Improve your technical skills

🗑

The most important factors to consider in a hair analysis for chemical texture,density, porosity, elasticity, and:

Growth direction

🗑

Hair texture is described with the terms:

Coarse, medium, and fine

🗑

When treated with chemical texture services, coarse hair is usually:

Harder to penetrate

🗑

The hair texture that is the most fragile and easiest to process with permanent waving solution is:

Fine hair

🗑

The single most important factor in determining the ability of hair to hold a curl is its:

Elasticity

🗑

Wet hair with normal elasticity can stretch up to__percent of its original length and then return to that length without breaking.

🗑

The first part to any perm, wrapping the hair on perm rods, causes a/an:

Physical change

🗑

The second part of any perm, the application of waving solution and neutralizer, cause a:

Chemical change

🗑

The major difference between a wet set and a perm is the:

Type of side bonds broken

🗑

The size of the perm tool determines the:

Size of the curl

🗑

Wrapping the hair on small tools increase the:

Tension

🗑

For perm wrapping, the hair is divided into panels, then into:

Base sections

🗑

The position of the tool in relation to its base section is called the:

Base control

🗑

Base control is determined by the angle:

At which the hair is wrapped

🗑

The hair is wrapped at an angle 45 degrees beyond perpendicular to its base section in:

on-base placement

🗑

In off-base placement, the hair is wrapped__to its base section.

45 degrees below

🗑

Because it places additional stress and tension on the hair, caution should be used with:

On-base placement

🗑

Of the various base controls, the least amount of volume is created by using:

off-base placement

🗑

The angle at which the perm tool is positioned on the head is referred to as the:

Base direction

🗑

The wrapping technique in which the hair is wrapped from the ends to the scalp in overlapping layers is called:

Croquignole wrapping

🗑

In the spiral perm wrapping technique, the hair is wrapped:

At an angle other than perpendicular

🗑

Rods with a smaller circumference in the center than at the ends are called:

Concave rods

🗑

Rods with the same circumference along their length or curling area are called:

Straight rods

🗑

The distinguishing feature of soft bender rods is that they can be:

Bent into many shapes

🗑

Circle tools or loop rods are ideal for:

Spiral wrapping very long hair

🗑

End wraps are absorbent papers used when winding hair on perm tools to:

Control the hair ends

🗑

When you place one end paper over the top of the hair strand as you wrap it around the perm tool, it is called a:

Single flat wrap

🗑

When you fold one end paper in half over the hair ends like an envelope, it is called a:

Bookend wrap

🗑

The end paper technique that provides the most control over the hair ends and keeps them evenly distributed is the:

Double flat wrap

🗑

Permanent waving solution breaks the disulfide bonds in the cortex through a chemical reaction called:

Reduction

🗑

In permanent waving solutions, thiol compounds act as:

Reducing agents

🗑

Ammonium thioglycolate is produced by adding__to thioglycolic acid.

Ammonia

🗑

Alkaline waves are also called:

Cold waves

🗑

Most true acid waves:

Require heat to speed processing

🗑

Most of the acid waves in today's salons have a pH between:

7.8 and 8.2

🗑

Permanent waves that require heat from an outside source, usually a hair dryer are called:

Endothermic

🗑

One benefit of ammonia-free waves is that they:

Have no unpleasant ammonia odor

🗑

In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place as soon as the solution penetrates the hair, within the first:

5 to 10 minutes

🗑

complete saturation of the hair is essential to proper processing in all permanent waves, but especially on:

Resistant hair

🗑

A properly processed permanent wave should break and rebuild about__percent of the hair's disulfide bonds.

🗑

If the hair is underprocessed:

Too few disulfide bonds are broken

🗑

Neutralizer performs two functions, deactivating any remaining waving solution in the hair and:

Rebuilding broken disulfide bonds

🗑

The chemical reaction involved in neutralizing is:

Oxidation

🗑

Perm solution should be rinsed from the hair for at least:

Five minutes

🗑

Perm solution should be rinsed from the hair before neutralizing to avoid scalp irritation and:

Lightening the hair color

🗑

After rinsing perm solution from the hair, the next step is to:

Blot the rods with towels

🗑

An optional step after blotting the hair and before applying neutralizer is to:

Apply a pre-neutralizing conditioner

🗑

The hydrogen atoms in the broken disulfide bonds are so strongly attracted to the oxygen in the neutralizer that they release their bonds with the:

Sulfur atoms

🗑

Unless the scalp is irritated, hair that has just been permed may be colored with::

Demipermanent haircolor

🗑

It is safe to perm hair that:

Has been treated with thio relaxer

🗑

Metallic salts leave a coating on the hair that may cause severe discoloration, hair breakage, or:

Uneven curls

🗑

To test for metallic salts in the hair, immerse at least 20 strands in a mixture of peroxide and:

Ammonia

🗑

The basic perm wrap is also called a:

Straight set wrap

🗑

The perm wrap that creates a movement that curves within sectioned-out panels is the:

Curvature perm wrap

🗑

Zigzag parting are used to divide base areas in the perm wrapping technique called the:

Weave technique

🗑

The double tool perm technique is also called the:

Piggyback Wrap

🗑

The spiral perm technique:

Produces a uniform curl from scalp to ends

🗑

To determine the proper processing time needed for optimal curl development, you should do:

Preliminary test curls

🗑

When giving a partial perm, you can make a smooth transition from a rolled to`an unrolled section by using a__as the last tool next to an unrolled section.

Larger tool

🗑

The process of rearranging the basic structure of extremely curly hair into a straight form is called:

Chemical hair relaxing

🗑

Chemical hair relaxing is very similar to:

Permanent waving

🗑

All relaxers and permanents change the shape of the hair by:

Breaking disulfide bonds

🗑

Most relaxers contain the same ingredients used in:

Depilatories

🗑

Extremely curly hair:

Has varying diameters

🗑

Extremely curly hair is weakest at the:

Twists

🗑

Thio relaxers:

have a pH above 10

🗑

Each step in the pH scale represents a__change in concentration

Tenfold

🗑

Hydroxide relaxers remove one atom of sulfur from a disulfide bond and convert it into a lanthionine bond in a process called:

Lanthionization

🗑

The disulfide bonds that are broken by hydroxide relaxers:

Can never be re-formed

🗑

The neutralization of hydroxide relaxers involves the use of:

Acid-balance shampoo

🗑

If you have treated a client's hair with a hydroxide relaxer, it cannot be treated with:

Soft curl permanents

🗑

Metal hydroxide relaxers are ionic compounds formed by a metal combined with:

Oxygen and hydrogen

🗑

Sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly called:

Lye relaxers

🗑

A chemical relaxer that straightens the hair completely but with much less scalp irritation than other hydroxide relaxers is:

Guanidine hydroxide relaxer

🗑

Chemical relaxers marketed as mild alternative relaxers are:

Sulfites

🗑

Mild strength relaxers are recommended for fine, damaged, or:

color-treated hair

🗑

The application for a virgin relaxer begins:

1/4" to 1/2" away from the scalp

🗑

Relaxer should be applied to the most resistant area first which is usually the:

Back of the head

🗑

Normalizing solutions are conditioners with an acidic pH that are used in a relaxing procedure:

Prior to shampooing

🗑

To determine if the hair is sufficiently relaxed, do:

Periodic strand testing

🗑

To neutralize hydroxide relaxer, shampoo the hair with an acid balanced shampoo at least:

Three-times

🗑

A soft curl permanent:

Makes existing curls larger

🗑

A Jheri curl or soft curl permanent is a combination of a thio relaxer and:

A thio permanent

🗑

In a soft curl permanent, the hair is first relaxed, then wrapped:

On horizontal base sections

🗑

When applying a hydroxide relaxer:

Do not shampoo first

🗑

You should not attempt to remove more than_of the natural curl with chemical relaxing.

80%

🗑

Pure or fundamental colors that that cannot be achieved from a mixture are called:

Primary colors

🗑

A tertiary color is achieved by mixing equal amounts of a secondary color and its neighboring:

Primary color

🗑

A primary and secondary color positioned opposite each other on the color wheel are:

Complementary color

🗑

A secondary color is obtained by mixing equal amounts of two:

Primary colors

🗑

Red, yellow, and blue are considered:

Primary colors

🗑

The darkest primary color is:

Blue

🗑

The secondary colors are orange, violet, and:

Green

🗑

The equal combination of yellow and blue creates:

Green

🗑

A complementary color combination is:

Red and green

🗑

Blue-green and red-violet are:

Tertiary colors

🗑

Fine-textured hair:

Takes color faster

🗑

The hair texture likely to take longer to process is:

Coarse hair

🗑

Hair that is resistant and requires a longer processing time usually has:

Low porosity

🗑

Hair with high porosity has a:

Lifted cuticle

🗑

If you test the hair between your fingers and it feels smooth, it has:

Low porosity

🗑

The underlying color that emerges during lightening is known as:

Contributing pigment

🗑

The type of melanin that gives the hair black and brown color is:

Eumelanin

🗑

Level is used to identify the:

Lightness or darkness of a color

🗑

Intensity describes the:

Strength of a color tone

🗑

A base color is the:

Lightness or darkness of a color

🗑

The warmth or coolness of a color is known as its:

Intensity

🗑

Hair lightening is also called bleaching or:

Decolorizing

🗑

Haircolors are divided into four general classifications based on their chemistry, which, in turn, affects the final color result and:

Lasting ability

🗑

Raising the cuticle of the hair so that the tint can penetrate is the function of the:

Alkalizing ingredient

🗑

The function of hydrogen peroxide in haircolor is to:

Break up the melanin

🗑

Temporary haircolor:

Makes a physical change

🗑

THe pigment molecules of semipermanent haircolor are:

Smaller than temporary color molecules

🗑

The hair color category that is considered semipermanent:

Requires a patch test

🗑

Demipermanent haircolor deposits color but does not:

Lift color

🗑

In recent years, demipermanent hair color has been used exclusively on the_of previously colored hair.

Midshaft to ends

🗑

The only hair color that has a lifting action on the hair is:

Permanent

🗑

Permanent hair colors are considered permanent because the tint molecules:

Are trapped in the cortex

🗑

Permanent haircolors contain uncolored dye precursors known as:

Aniline derivatives

🗑

The agent that, when mixed with an oxidative haircolor, supplies the oxygen to develop color molecules and create a change in hair color is the:

Developer

🗑

The most commonly used oxidizer in haircoloring is:

Hydrogen peroxide

🗑

Developers have a pH between:

2.5 and 4.5

🗑

The hydrogen peroxide used to provide maximum lift in a one-step color service is:

40 volume

🗑

Henna is a type of:

Natural haircolor

🗑

Gradual colors, historically marketed to men, are also called:

Metallic haircolors

🗑

Lighteners work by:

Dispersing melanin

🗑

As soon as hydrogen peroxide is mixed into a lightener formula, it begins to:

Release oxygen

🗑

Toners are used primarily on:

Prelightened hair

🗑

When you decolorize a client's hair, your goal is to create the correct degree of:

Contributing pigment

🗑

The hair should never be lifted with lightener past:

Pale yellow

🗑

The most critical part of the color service is the:

Consultation

🗑

A client consultation for haircoloring should include:

Stating the cost of the service

🗑

A release Statement is used mainly to explain:

If hair is in proper condition to receive color

🗑

A predisposition test is preformed to determine:

Allergy to aniline

🗑

A preliminary strand test should be preformed:

In the lower crown

🗑

Once a temporary color rinse has been applied:

Style as desired

🗑

How well semipermanent colors "take" depends on the:

Hair Porosity

🗑

The application procedure for demipermanent hair color is similar to that for:

Semipermanent color

🗑

In a double-process color application, the lightner is followed by application of:

The depositing color

🗑

Hair at the scalp processes color faster due to:

Body heat

🗑

Overlapping previously colored or lightened hair can:

Create lines of demarcation

🗑

Demipermanent color may be applied to hair ends during a retouch procedure only if:

The color is faded

🗑

Oil lightener is used to:

Lift one or two levels

🗑

Cream lighteners may be mixed with dry crystals known as:

Activators

🗑

Off-the-scalp lighteners:

Come in powder form

🗑

Powder lighteners should not be used for:

Retouch services

🗑

Hair takes longer to lighten:

The more melanin it has

🗑

When heat is used along with lightening chemicals, it softens the hair and can make it:

More fragile

🗑

If a preliminary strand test for lightening indicates the hair is not light enough, you can:

Increase the processing time

🗑

Partings for applying lightener should be:

1/8"

🗑

In a lightening procedure, when you check a strand for lightening, you should:

Blot the strand with a damp towel

🗑

Before using a toner, you must achieve the proper:

Foundation

🗑

There are__degrees of decolorizing.

Ten

🗑

When a lightner is applied so that it overlaps previously lightened hair:

Breakage may occur

🗑

Using conditioner on the hair at the end of a toner application:

Lowers the pH

🗑

Coloring some hair strands lighter than the natural color is called:

Reverse highlighting

🗑

Low lighting is the technique of coloring strands of hair:

Darker than the natural color

🗑

The degree of highlighting or lowlighting you can achieve with the cap technique depends on the:

Number of strands pulled through

🗑

A complete haircolor record should include the:

Client's scalp condition

🗑

Painting a lightener directly on to clean,styled hair is known as the:

Balayage technique

🗑

If a client has unwanted orange tones,use a haircolor with a:

Blue base

🗑

Presoftening is preformed on gray or resistant hair to:

Open the cuticle

🗑

Fillers are used to equalize porosity and:

Deposit a base color

🗑

The foil technique of lightening can be done by either weaving or:

Slicing

🗑

Tint removal may be preformed if:

The haircolor is too dark

🗑

When preforming a tint back:

A filler may be used

🗑

After a tint has been mixed and used,any leftover tint:

Should be discarded

🗑

When formulating permanent color for hair that is 10-30% gray, your color choice should be:

1 level lighter

🗑

When selecting a color filler:

Replace the hair's missing primary color

🗑

The first step in properly camouflaging excessive brassiness is to:

Identify actual color of brassiness

🗑

A soap cap involves using shampoo with:

Tint

🗑

A highlightening shampoo is a combination of shampoo and:

Hydrogen peroxide

🗑

An example of a double-process color application is:

Presoftening and tinting

🗑

A "gun-metal gray" shade is:

Is a sign that the hair is overly porous

🗑

A glaze, sometimes used to give the hair shine and tone,is usually a/an:

Demipermanent color

🗑

Highlighting services are also known as:

Dimensional haircoloring

🗑

When a very slight change in hair shade is desired, or when the client's hair processes very rapidly, consider using a:

Highlighting shampoo tint

🗑

The study of the skin and its nature,structure, functions, diseases, and treatment is known as:

Dermatology

🗑

A specialist in the cleansing, preservation of heel, and beautification of the skin and body is a/an:

Esthetician

🗑

Healthy skin is:

Slightly acid

🗑

The skin is thinnest on the:

Eyelids

🗑

Of all the skin on the body, the thickest is on the:

Palms and soles

🗑

The outer protective layer of skin is called the:

Epidermis

🗑

The epidermis does not contain any:

Blood vessels

🗑

Nerves, hair follicles, papillae, and sweat and oil glands are found in the:

Dermis

🗑

The stratum corneum has scale-like cells made up of:

Keratin

🗑

The layer of the epidermis that is continually being shed and replaced is the:

Stratum corneum

🗑

The stratum corneum is also known as the:

Horny layer

🗑

The growth of the epidermis begins in the:

Stratum germinativum

🗑

Melanin, which protects sensitive cells from the destructive effects of excessive UV rays, is found in the __ of the epidermis.

Stratum germinativum

🗑

The reticular and papillary layers are found in the:

True skin

🗑

The small, cone-shaped elevations at the bottom of the hair follicles are:

Papillae

🗑

The layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients is the:

Reticular layer

🗑

Subcutaneous tissue is a:

Fatty layer

🗑

The skin is nourished by:

Blood and lymph

🗑

Sensory nerve fibers in the skin react to:

Cold

🗑

The motor nerve fibers of the skin:

Cause goose bumps

🗑

the skin gets its strength, form and flexibility from:

Collagen and elastin

🗑

A protein fiber that helps the skin regain its shape, even after being repeatedly stretched, is:

Elastin

🗑

The sudoriferous glands regulate:

Body temperature

🗑

Sebaceous glands are found in all parts of the body except for the:

Palms and soles

🗑

The small openings of the sweat glands on the skin are called:

Sweat pores

🗑

The excretion of sweat from the skin is under the control of the:

Nervous system

🗑

The palms, soles, forehead, and armpits contain particularly numerous:

Sudoriferous glands

🗑

The sebaceous glands secrete:

Oil

🗑

The ducts of a sebaceous gland opens into the:

Hair follicle

🗑

The function of sebum is to:

Lubricate the skin

🗑

The blood and sweat glands of the skin regulate body heat by maintaining a Fahrenheit temperature of about:

98.6

🗑

Approximately 80 to 85 percent of the sound aging is caused by:

The sun's rays

🗑

Skin tissues wrinkle and sag because of the weakening of the:

Collagen and elastin fibers

🗑

The ultraviolet rays of the sun that are also called and "aging rays" are the:

Uva rays

🗑

The "burning rays" that can damage the skin and eyes are:

Uvb rays

🗑

Ultraviolet exposure is the highest between the hours of:

10 a.m. and 3 p.m.

🗑

Uvb rays clause tanning of the skin by affecting the:

Melanocytes

🗑

Nicotine in tobacco causes contraction and weakening of the:

Blood vessels

🗑

An excessive intake of alcohol:

Overdilates blood vessels

🗑

If a client has a inflamed skin disorder that is not infectious, you should:

Refer the client to a physician

🗑

A papule is a:

Primary skin lesion

🗑

Pus is most likely to be found in:

Pustules

🗑

Poison oak and poison ivy produce:

Vesicles

🗑

The skin Lesions found in chapped lips and hands are:

Fissures

🗑

A closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, semi fluid, or morbid matter is a:

Cyst

🗑

Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.

To hide a column, click on the column name.

To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.

You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.

Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
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