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Nutrition/Cueticals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Grapefruit juice nfluences metabolism b/c it inhibits CYP3A4; b/c of furanocoumarins in the juice | leads to increased levels of calcium channel blockers, cyclosporine, tacrolimus[Prograf], statins |
| CYP1A2 | cruciferous vegetables, methylxanthine-containg beverages[caffeine], charcoal broiling affects many drugs including theophylline |
| Foods high in VitK: may interfere with coumadin | spinach, mustard greens, parsley, kale, turnip greens, collard greens, swiss chard, and moderate levels in green leaf, broccoli, endive, romaine, brussel sprouts |
| ADA supplement regulations | Vit D: infants and children, and adults; folic acid for child-bearing age females planning to become pregnant 400mcg; adults over 50, vit b12, calcium and D |
| websites for resources | eatright.org; nutritioncare.org; http://ods.od.nih.gov |
| Fiber: dietary fiber and functional fiber | dietary: nondigestible carbs; functional is nondigestible carbs |
| dietary fiber benefits | prevent constipation, lower cholesterol, improve cardiovascular health, feeling of fullness |
| recommended fiber intake for cardiovascular health | at least 25g/d |
| benefits of increased soluble fiber may include | better glucose control in DM and improved blood lipid levels |
| Vitamin A[deficiency rare]: role in vision, bone growth, reproduction, immune function, cell division and differentiation. There are two types: | preformed vit A[derived from animal sources; and provitaminA carotenoid[plant sources] |
| Vitamin B1[thiamine] deficiency leads to | beriberi or Wernicke's encephalopathy[alcoholics] |
| Vitamin B2[riboflavin][deficiency rare] | has been found to decrease headaches and migraines I nsome patients: 25-400mg daily for migraine prevention |
| Vitamin B3[niacin]: antilipidemic. Deficiency results in | pellagra[the four d's; diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death] |
| Vitamin B6[pyridoxine]; needed for protein and RBC metabolism and glucose regulation. Deficiency may be from | drug induced by isoniazid[INH][for TB], cycloserine[TB], hydrazine |
| Vitamin B12: essential for RBC formation and neurological function. Deficiency will result in: | megaloblastic anemia, fatigue, loss of appetite, and neuro changes[n/t of hands and feet] |
| Vitamin C[ascorbic acid]. defienc;y results in | scurvy[fatigue, malaise, gum inflammation or bleeding]; smokers have decreased vit c levels; also at risk are infants fed evaporated or boiled milk, malabsorption disorders, end-stage renal disease |
| Mixes results from studies have shown possible benefits of Vit C | reduced risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, breast cancer |
| Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin:critical to bone health and absorption of calcium from the intestinal tract must be converted by liver and kidneys if synthesized from sunlight | Liver; converts to calcidiol; kidney; converts to calcitriol[regulates serum calcium and phosphate levels] found in egg yolks and fatty fish[salmon, mackerel] |
| Vit D deficiency results in | rickets in children; osteomalacia in adults |
| Vitamin K: critical component of blood clotting | found in many foods and synthesized by intestinal bacteria; given to infants at birth |
| Coumadin interferes with vitamin K dependent clotting factors | II,VII,IX,X |
| Folate: critical to the production and maintenance of new cells. Deficiency occurs in time of increased demand, or increased loss | pregnancy, lactation[demand]; malabsorption, alcohol abuse, dialysis, liver disease[loss] |
| Folate deficiency produces | macrocytic-normochromic anemia: Sx include glossitis, stomatitis, nausea, anorexia, diarrhea, systolic ejection murmur corrected efficiently with oral folic acid |
| Calcium required for muscle contraction, blood vessel health, bone health, normal nerve conduction. risk for deficiency | postmenopausal women, amenorrheic women, women with female athlete triad, pts with lactose intolerance, vegans |
| Iron regulation of cell growth and differentiation, component of oxygen transport. Deficiency results in | microcytic-hypochromic anemia and have RBCs that are small in size, pale, and low hgb Iron-deficiency anemia reduces O2 carrying capacity leading to fatigue and decreased immunity |
| Omega 3: polyunsaturated fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid[ALA], converted in the body to | eicosapentaenoic acid[EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid[DHA] |
| Omega 6: linoleic acid[LA] should be consumed less than | Omega 3's |
| Evidence to support benefit of Omega 3s in | cardiovascular effects, vascular protective effects, anti-inflammatory, reduced triglycerides being tested for effects on autism and ADHD |
| Plant sterols are in all plant based foods and help lower cholesterol by | competing with cholesterol in the intestine reducing the amount of cholesterol that is absorbed. |
| Plant sterols may reduce | beta-carotene levels |
| intake of 2g/d of plant sterols have shown decrease of | 6-10% in LDL and more combined with other interventions low saturated fat and cholesterol diet, dietary fiber and drugs |
| Probiotics: lactobacillus acidophilus, and bifidobacterium are most common in the intestinal microflora. Benefits include | use in rotavirus-associated acute diarrhea in children reduced diarrhea by 1-3 days; antibiotic-associated diarrhea in adults; inflammatory bowel disorders and necrotizing enterocolitis[especially in preemies]; irritable bowel syndrome; H.pyori |
Created by:
heatherbrown2020
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