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Med Term Ch12
Musculoskeletal System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| arthritis | inflammation of a joint (with pain, swelling, and stiffness) |
| arthroplasty | surgery to reshape, reconstruct, or replace a diseased or damaged join |
| articulate | joint. site of contract between two bones |
| contraction | shortening or tightening of muscle |
| musculoskeletal | pertaining to muscles and the skeleton |
| radiography | production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source |
| synovial fluid | lubricating fluid of the joint secreted by the synovial membrane in the joint |
| orthopedics | branch of medicine concerned with prevention, diagnosis, care, and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders |
| rheumatologist | doctor specializes in arthritis treatment. also in diseases of joints, muscles, and bones |
| chiropractic medicine | system of therapy based on theory that disease is caused by pressure on nerves. they do radiography. and physical manipulating the spinal cord |
| contraction | body muscles help maintain body posture |
| fasci/o | band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles) |
| fibr/o | fiber, fibrous tissue |
| leiomy/o | smooth muscle (visceral) |
| lumb/o | loins (lower back) |
| muscul/o | muscle |
| my/o | muscle |
| tendon | |
| tend/o | tendon |
| tendin/o | tendon |
| carp/o | carpus (wrist bones) |
| cervic/o | neck. cervix uteri |
| cost/o | ribs |
| crani/o | cranium (skull) |
| humer/o | humerus (upper arm bone) |
| metacarp/o | metacarpus (hand bone) |
| phalang/o | phalanges (bones of fingers and toes) |
| spondyl/o | vertebra (backbone) |
| vertebr/o | vertebra (backbone) |
| stern/o | sternum (breastbone) |
| calcane/o | calcaneum |
| femor/o | femur (thigh bone) |
| fibul/o | fibula (smaller, outer bone of lower leg) |
| patell/o | patella (kneecap) |
| pelv/i | pelvis |
| pelv/o | pelvis |
| radi/o | radiation, x-ray. radius (lower arm bone, thumb side) |
| tibi/o | tibia (larger bone of lower leg) |
| ankyl/o | stiffness, bent, crooked |
| arthr/o | joint |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| lamin/o | lamina (part of vertebral arch) |
| myel/o | bone marrow, spinal cord |
| orth/o | straight |
| oste/o | bone |
| -clasia | to break, surgical fracture |
| -clast | to break |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| -sarcoma | malignant tumor of connective tissue |
| dia- | through, across |
| peri- | around |
| muscular dystrophy MD | group of hereditary diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of the muscles, leading to increasing weakness and debilitation, including Duchenne dystrophy (most common form) |
| myasthenia gravis MG | autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive fatigue and severe muscle weakness, particulary evident with facial muscles and ptosis of the eyelids |
| rotator cuff injury | injury to the capsule of the shoulder joint, which is reinforced by muscles and ptosis of the eyelids |
| sprain | trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain and disability, such as an eversion sprain that occurs when the foot is twisted outward |
| strain | trauma to a muscle from overuse or excessive forcible stretch |
| talipes equinovarus | clubfoot. congenital deformity of the food |
| tendinitis | tendonitis. inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or overuse |
| torticollis | wryneck. spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles causing stiffness and twisting of the neck |
| arthritis | inflammation of a joint usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and changes in structure |
| gouty | gout. arthritis caused by excessive uric acid in the body |
| osteoarthritis | progressive degenerative joint disease characterized by bone spurs (osteophytes) and destruction of articular cartilage |
| rheumatoid arthritis | chronic systemic inflammatory disease affecting the synovial membranes of multiple joints, eventually resulting in crippling deformities and immobility |
| carpal tunnel syndrome CTS | pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and median nerve pass) |
| contracture | fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint |
| crepitation | grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together indicating a fracture or joint destruction |
| Ewing sarcoma | malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in long bones or the pelvis and most commonly in adolescent boys |
| fracture | any break in a bone |
| herniated disk | prolapsed disk. herniation or rupture of the nucleus pulposus (center gelatinous material within an intervetebral disk) between two vertebrae |
| osteoporosis | decrease in bone density with an increase in porosity, caused bones to become brittle and increasing the risk of fractures |
| pagent disease | osteitis deformans. skeletal disease affecting elderly people that cause chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones and bowing of long bones |
| rickets | rachitis. form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency |
| sequestrum | fragment of a necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue |
| kyphosis | hunchback. increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column, leading to a humpback posture |
| lordosis | forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column leading to a swayback posture |
| scoliosis | abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right that eventually causes back pain, disk disease, or arthritis |
| spondylitis | inflammation of one or more vertebrae |
| ankylosing spondylitis | rheumatoid spondylitis. chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin that first affects the spine and is characterized by fusion and loss of mobility of two or more vertebrae |
| spondylolisthesis | spinal cord compression. partial forward dislocation of one vertebrae over the one below it, most commonly the fifth lumbar vertebrae over the first sacral vertebrae |
| subluxation | partial dislocation. partial or incomplete dislocation of a bone from its normal location within a joint, causing loss of function of the joint |
| arthrocentesis | puncture of a joint space with a needle to obtain samples of synovial fluid for diagnostic purposes, instill medications, or remove accumulated fluid from joints to relieve pain |
| arthroscopy | visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible, fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope. which contains a mini camera and projects images on a monitor to guide instruments during procedures |
| arthroplasty | surgical reconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility in rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis or to correct a congenital deformity |
| total hip arthroplasty | total hip replacement. replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum with prostheses that are fastened into the bone |
| spequestrectomy | excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone) |
| bone reabsorption inhibitors | reduce the reabsorption of bones in treatment of weak and fragile bones as seen in osteoporosis and Paget disease |
| gold salts | treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity within the immune system by preventing further disease progression |
| muscle relaxants | relieve muscle spasms, pain, and stiffness |
| nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs | relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation in treatment of musculoskeletal conditions, such as sprains and strains, and inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis bursitis, gout, and tendinitis |
| pathologic fracture | fracture caused by a disease |
| autoimmune disease | reaction against one's own joint tissue (especially synovial fluid) |
| rheumatoid factor | substance detected in blood test of patients with rheumatoid arthritis |
| vasculitis | nodules that develop as RA worsens |
| corticosteroids | reduce pain and inflammation. |
| treatement of RA | physical therapy, heat applications, drugs, anti-inflammatory durgs, corticosteroids |
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