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Review Questions
Essentials of Radiation Biology and Protection 2nd Edition Chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Possessing two sets of chromosomes | Diploid |
| The halves into which the chromosome is longitudinally divided, which are held together by the centromere and move to opposite poles of a dividing cell during anaphase | Chromatid |
| The first stage of mitosis or meiosis when chromosomes become visible | Prophase |
| The gap or growth period following the replication of DNA and prior to mitosis | G2 |
| A complex organic protein that accelerates chemical reactions | Enzyme |
| Any living entity | Organism |
| Cell devision of germ cells, which consists of two cell divisions but only one replication of DNA | Meiosis |
| The stage of mitosis where chromosomes are arranged | Metaphase |
| RNA that binds amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis | Transfer RNA |
| The distructive phase of metabolism, in which complex substances are changed into simpler substances | Catabolism |
| Nucleic acid that controls protein synthesis | Ribonucleic Acid |
| The period between cell division, known as the resting stage, when DNA is being synthesized | Interphase |
| A two-layered membrane that surrounds the cell nucleus | Nuclear Membrane |
| The basic unit of heredity that has a specific location on chromosome | Gene |
| The linear thread of a cell nucleus | Chromosome |
| Period of synthesis or replication | S-Phase |
| A stage in mitosis and meiosis between metaphase and telophase ni which chromatids migrate toward opposite poles of the cell | Anaphase |
| The construction phase of metabolism, when a cell takes the substances from blood that are necassary for repair and growth and converts them into cytoplasm | Anabolism |
| Any chromosome that is other than the sex chromosome | Autosome |
| The constricted area of the chromosome that separates the chromosome into two arms | Centromere |
| A material in the nucleus that contains genetic information | Chromatin |
| A polymer composed of deoxyribonucleotides arranged in a double helix | Deoxyribonucleic Acid(DNA) |
| A chromosome mutation in which either one or both segments of a chromosome join to another chromosome | Duplication |
| The gap or growth period following the replication of DNA and prior to mitosis | G1 |
| The mature male or female reporductive cell | Gamete |
| Having half the diploid number of chromosomes found in somatic cells | Haploid |
| A large molecule | Macromolecule |
| RNA that carries amino acids to ribosomes for assisting in protein synthesis | Messanger RNA |
| Type of cell division involving somatic cells in which a parent cell divides to create tow daughter cells that contain the same chromosome number and DNA content as the parent | Mitosis |
| Spherical body in the cell nucleus that holds nuclear RNA | Nucleolus |
| A molecule created by combining two or more of teh same molecules | Polymer |
| A colloidal structure of organic and inorganic materials and water that form the living cell | Protoplasm |
| RNA that exists in ribosomes and assists in protein synthesis | Ribosomal RNA |
| The final of mitosis or meiosis, during which there is reconstruction of the nuclear membrane and cell cytoplasm | Telophase |
| Two or more tissues combined to perform a specific function: | Organs |
| Assist in growth, construct new tissues, and repair injured or worn-out cells: | Proteins |
| The location of genetic information is in the: | Nucleus |
| Which RNA nucleotide base pairs with adenine in DNA synthesis? | Guanine |
| The normal diploid or 2n number is humans: | 46 |
| In which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell? | Metaphse |
| During meiosis, or reduction division: | The cell divides twice in succession, but the chromosomes are duplicated only one time |
Created by:
Dallas1856
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