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Zumwalt Test 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Breccia | Rock composed of angular gravel |
| Regional | Metamorphism caused by c/c collisions |
| Foliated | Rocks which have parallel elongated minerals |
| Metamorphic | Derived by change of other rocks |
| Aluminum | Element derived from bauxite of decomposed tropical soils |
| Sand | Particle size between 2mm and .0625 mm |
| Reservoir | Where petroleum is stored |
| Biogenic | Sediments composed of skeleton of organism |
| Marine | Oceanic systems |
| Fragmentation | Physical breakdown of rocks |
| Diamict | Matrix supported conglomerate |
| Loess | Glacial fluvial aeolian deposit |
| Deposition | Occurs when transport media slow down |
| Coccolithophore | Photoautotrophic part of chalk |
| Hematite | Cementation agent of local iron ore |
| Shale | Finest of the clastic sedimentary rocks with layers |
| Petroleum | Economically most important resource derived from sedimentary systems |
| planktonic Foraminifera | animal component of chalk |
| Magma | Responsible for contact metamorphism |
| Faults | Generate heat for catalytic metamorphism |
| Quartz | Mineral found in all rocks |
| Maturity | Way of subdividing sandstone |
| Lithification | Making rocks out of sediments |
| Diatom | One of organisms responsible for siliceous biogenic |
| Sedimentary | rocks composed of the pieces of other rocks |
| Glacial | moving ice |
| lithographic | Type of limestone used for printing |
| spalling | cracking in response to expanding batholiths |
| ice wedging | breaking by freezing |
| source | organic rich clay which results in petroleum |
| black chert | hydrated quartz which captures and stores organisms |
| limestone | collective term for sedimentary CaC03 |
| Gravel | largest particle size of sediments |
| Micrite | lithographic limestone |
| erosion | breakdown of rocks |
| sandstone | sedimentary rock composed of pieces between .0625mm and 2mm |
| recrystalization | movement of elements from high pressure to low pressure zones |
| mudstone | massive stone composed of <.0039mm |
| decomposition | chemical breakdown of rocks |
| conglomerate | rock composted of rounded gravel |
| aeolian | wind blown systems |
| Wenworth Scale | scale used to differentiate sediment sizes |
| chert | precipitated quartz |
| cementation | process of gluing particles together |
| fluvian | moving water systems |
| number of minerals | decrease away from the source |
| compaction | lithification by squeezing |
| gneiss | highest grade metamorphic rock...looks like granite |
| structural integrity | defined by the stability of rocks |
| Staurolite | high grade metamorphic mineral of the stars |
| quartz sandstone | protolith of quartzite |
| Gasses | bring in sulfur |
| sillimanite | high grade metamorphic mineral |
| protolith | the rock which you start out with during metamorphism |
| solutions | bring in new elements |
| cataclastic | kind of metamorphism caused by faulting |
| heat | causes molecule to move faster |
| Bowen's reaction sequence | sequence of rock change during metamorphism |
| pressure | changes the liquids and/or solidous |
| kyanite | high-grade metamorphic mineral |
| garnet | mineral usually found in metamorphic rocks |
| quartz | mineral most resistant to decomposition |
| transportation | movement of sediments |
| coquina | limestone composed of shells |
| calcite | most common cementation agent in the world |
| silt stone | sedimentary rock composed of pieces between .0625mm and .0039mm |
| sorting | how closely grains are associated with the mean size |
| clay | particle size and mineral group |
| braided | stream type which results from large changes in volume of water |
| sea level | the ultimate limit of erosion |
| friction | slows water down |
| hemisphere | most efficient shape for water transport |
| solution load | amount of dissolved rock being moved by a stream |
| bedload | amount of sediment carried in contact with the stream bed |
| saltation | bouncing down the stream |
| discharge | the best measure of the amount of water coming off the hill side |
| competence | the best measure of the largest rock a stream can carry |
| delta | accumulation of river born sediments in quiet water |
| point bar | site of most deposition in a meandering stream |
| velocity | controlled by gradient and friction |
| ultimate base level | the limit of all erosion |
| laminar sands | third deposit in point bars |
| transverse bar | site where most sediments in a braided stream reside |
| gradient | slope of the land |
| retrograde | destruction of terrestrial sediment leaving marine deposition |
| base level | the limit of stream erosion |
| laminar | flow of regime of water under pressure |
| bay | result of low river and high wave transport |
| crossbedded sandstone | second deposit in point bar |
| erosion | the physical and chemical breakdown of rocks |
| turbulent | flow regime of water when there is no overlying pressure |
| barrier bar | spit which cuts off meander loop |
| spit | projection of sand extending away from bank |
| streambed | trough in which stream flows |
| oxbows are back filled with... | clay and/or organics |
| deposition | sediments falling out as transport media slows |
| where do you find the fastest flow in any stream flow? | Six tenths depth |
| Slate | lowest grade foliated metamorphic rock |
| migmatite | intermediate between metamorphic and igneous |
| contact | kind of metamorphism caused by magma |
| nonfoliated | metamorphic rock which does not have paralleled elongated minerals |
| foliation | the parallel arrangement of elongated minerals |
| hydrothermal deposition | process which concentrated economically important minerals around magma chambers |
| radioactive decay | principle source of heat |
| hydrogen sulfide | most common gas associated with vulcanism |
| What do you get if you squeeze quartz with sandstone? | Quartzite |
| Metamorphism | the process of changing other rocks |
| metamorphic process | synonym for squoooooze |
| solid | the state of rock being changed |
| Ca plagioclase | last mineral to be metamorphosed |
| andalusite | high grade metamorphic mineral |
| water | the best catalyst during metamorphism |
| schist | moderate grade foliated metamorphic rock with visible grains |
| over bank deposits | site of deposition of most clay and organics |
| capacity | the amount of sediment being moved |
| birdfoot delta | result of high deposition and low wave dispersal |
| prograde | deposit terrestrial sediments out onto marine deposits |
| cutbank | site of least deposition in a meandering stream |
| entrainment | picking up a sediment |
| equilibrium profile | preferred profile of a stream |
| oxbow | cutoff meandering loop |
| lag deposit | gravel left behind by stream |
| transportation | moving sediments down hill |
| suspended load | the amount of sediment being carried in water column |
| arcuate | delta which is the result of roughly equal river and wave transport |
| crevass splay | deposit on bank by river breaching stream bed |
| meandering | stream type which wanders back and forth in valley |
| thalweg | trace of the highest velocity flow down a stream |
| CaC03 | the most common cement on a global scale |
| Aeolian sorting | sorts grains extremely well to the point where all of the grains are the same size to 1/100 of a mm |
| fluvial | only carry processes once |
| mass wasting/glacial | poor sorting, large and small particles together |
| calcium arenite | quartz cemented together by calcium |
| calcium plagioclase | last mineral to mobilize in Bowen's reaction series |
| olivine | last ferromagnetism mineral to mobilize in Bowen's reaction series |
| What would you expect to build an expensive building on? | Gneiss |
| If the water is 100 feet deep, where is the fastest water? | 40 feet from the top |
Created by:
maryallyn92
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