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Mr.Gish
Biology of Psychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Serotonine | Affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal |
| Acetylcholine | Enables muscle action, learning and memory |
| Norepinephrine | Helps control alertness and arousal |
| Dopamine | Influences movement, learning, attention and emotion |
| GABA( Gamma-amino-butyric acid) | A major inhibitory neurotransmitter |
| Sensory neurons | neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous sytem |
| motor neurons | neurons that carry outgoing information from the central neurons system to the muscles and glands |
| interneurons | central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs |
| All or None Law | principle that states that the strength of a response of a nerve cell or muscle fiber is not dependent upon the strength of the stimulus. If a stimulus is above a certain threshold, a nerve or muscle fiber will fire. Essentially, there will either be a fu |
| Resting potential | before Action Potential, positive sodium ions are outside the membrane and negative potassium on the inside of the membrane |
| Selective permeable | A feature and a function of the plasma membrane that is essential to maintain homeostasis by regulating the passage of some substances while preventing others from entering the cell |
| Action potetnial | When the neural impulse travels down the axon, a brief electrical charge |
| Refatory period | The time it takes for neuron to pump the sodiums out and prepare to fire again |
| Sodium Potassium Pump | Also known as the refractory period. After allowing positive sodium ions in the membrane of the axon it becomes selectively permeable to block positive ions again and the sodium ions are pumped out |
| Reuptake | The sending neuron normally reabsorbs excess neurotransmitters molecules |
| Agonist | molecules that excite- these molecules are similar enough to cause the neuron to fire(L-Dopa to Dopamine) |
| Antagonists | molecules that inhibit- these molecules fill receptors but don`t activate the neuron to fire ( MDMA) |
| Neurotransmitters | chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gap between neurons. They travel down the synapse and bind to the receptor sites on the receiving neuron, influencing whenever that neuron will generate a neural impulse |
| Homeostasis | A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of the body chemistry |
| Neural networks | interconnected neural cells with experience networks that can learn, as feedback strengthens or inhibits connection that produce certain results. |
| "Fight of Flight" | mechanism in the body that enables humans and animals to mobilize a lot of energy rapidly in order to cope with threats to survival. |
| Brainstem | the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; is responsible for automatic survival finctions |
| Medulla oblongata | portion of the hindbrain that controls autonomic functions such as breathing, digestion, heart and blood vessel function, swallowing and sneezing. Helps in the transferring of messages between various parts of the brain and the spinal cord. |
| Pons | a portion of the hindbrain that connects the cerebral cortex with the medulla oblongata. It also serves as a communications and coordination center between the two hemispheres of the brain; transferring of messages between various parts of the brain and t |
| Reticular Formation | a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important ole in controlling arousal |
| Cerbellum | the "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordination movement and balance |
| Pituitary gland | the endocrine system most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, it regulates growth and contrles other endocrine glnds |
| Thalamus | the brains sensory switchboard, located on the top of the brainstem;it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the medulla and cerbelluem |
| Hypothalamus | A neural structure lying below the thalamus, it directs several mainteance activities ( eating, drinking, body temp.) helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotions |
| Limbic system | A donut shaped system of neural structures of the border of the brainstem and verbal hemisphere; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives for food and sex. Includes; hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus. |
| Amygdala | two lima bean sized neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion |
| Hippocampus | A neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage |
| Olfactory bulb | located in the limbic region of the brain. Sense of smell |
| Cerebral Cortex | the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemisphere, the body`s ultimate control and information-processing center |
| Corpus callosum | the large band of neural fibers connecting the two hemispheres and carrying messages between them |
| Frontal lobe | speaking and muscle movements, making plans and judgements |
| Parietal lobe | sensory input for touch, and body position |
| Occipital lobe | the portion of the cerebral cortex lying on the back of the head, includes visual areas, which receive visual information from the opposite visual field |
| Temporal lobe | the portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes auditory areas; both receive information primarily from opposite ears. |
| Association areas | areas in the cerebral cortex that aren't involved with motor or sensory functions, rather high mental process, such as learning, thinking, remembering, and speaking |
| Brocas area | language expression and muscle movement involved in speech, located in frontal lobes |
| Wernicke`s Area | language reception, expression, and comprehension; located in the temporal lobe |
| Primary motor cortex | |
| Plasticity | brains capacity for modification, evident in brain reconstruction following damage |
| Split brain | A condition in which two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (corpus collusum) between them. |
| Aphasia | impairment of language, usually to the left hemisphere, damage either to the Broca`s, or Wenickes areas |
| Lesion | tissue destruction |
Created by:
owenwelsh
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