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Med Term Ch9
Reproductive System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| neonate | infant from birth to 28 days of age |
| infertility | persistent inability to conceive a child |
| gamete | reproductive cell (spermatozoon in the male and ovum in the female) |
| fertilization | union of male and female gametes to form a zygote, leading to the development of a new individual |
| ova | female reproductive cells |
| postpartum | occurring after childbirth |
| gynecology | female reproductive disorders secondary sex characteristics, pregnancy, menopause, menstruation |
| obstetrics and gynecology OB-GYN | study with surgical and nonsurgical in gynecology treatment: infertility, birth control, hormone imbalance |
| obstetrics | branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth |
| neonatology | diagnosis and treatment of disorders for neonates |
| urology | branch of medicine for treating male reproductive system disorders diagnostic tests, medical and surgical procedures, drugs. also treats diseases in men and women's urinary system |
| purpose of reproductive systems | produce and unite gametes and transport them to sites of fertilization. pass genetic material down generations |
| parts of women reproductive system | ovaries fallopian tubes uterus vagina clitoris vulva aka genitalia (<-external. rest are internal) |
| parts of male reproductive system | testes epididymis vas deferens seminal vesicles ejaculatory duct prostate penis |
| estrogen and progesterone | responsible for development of secondary sex characteristics (breast development and menstruation cycle) |
| gonads (testes) | primary sex organs of male. produce gametes (sperm), secrete sex hormones |
| amni/o | amnion |
| cervic/o | neck, cervix uteri |
| colp/o | vagina |
| vagin/o | vagina |
| galact/o | milk |
| lact/o | milk |
| gynec/o | woman, female |
| hyster/o | uterus (womb) |
| uter/o | uterus |
| mamm/o | breast |
| mast/o | breast |
| men/o | menses, menstruation |
| metr/o | uterus (womb) measure |
| nat/o | birth |
| oophor/o | ovary |
| ovari/o | ovary |
| perino/o | perineum |
| salping/o | tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes) |
| vulv/o | vulva |
| episi/o | vulva |
| andr/o | male |
| balan/o | glans penis |
| gonad/o | gonads sex glands |
| olig/o | scanty |
| orch/o | testis |
| orchi/o | testes |
| orchid/o | testes |
| test/o | testes |
| prostat/o | prostate |
| spermat/o | spermatozoa sperm cells |
| sperm/i | spermatozoa |
| sperm/o | spermatozoa |
| varic/o | dilated vein |
| vas/o | vessel vas deferens duct |
| vescicul/o | seminal vesicle |
| -arche | beginning |
| -cyesis | pregnancy |
| -gravida | pregnant woman |
| -para | to bear (offspring) |
| -salpinx | tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes) |
| -tocia | childbirth labor |
| retro- | backward behind |
| candidiasis | vaginal fungal infection caused by Candida albicans and characterized by a curdy or cheeselike discharge and extreme eating |
| cervicitis | inflammation of the uterine cervix, usually the result of infection or sexually transmitted disease |
| ectopic pregnancy | implantation of the fertilized ovum outside (ectopic) the uterine cavity, most commonly in the oviducts (tubal pregnancy) |
| endometriosis | presence of endometrial tissue outside (ectopic) the uterine cavity, such as the pelvis or abdomen |
| fibroid | leiomyoma. benign neoplasm in the uterus that is composed largely of fibrous tissue |
| fistula | abnormal tunnel connection two body cavities or a body cavity to the skin caused by an injury or infection, or inflammation |
| vesicovaginal | abnormal duct between the bladder and vagina that results in sever urine loss from the vagina |
| pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) | potentially life-threatening disorder that usually develops after the 20th week of pregnancy and is characterized by edema and proteinuria |
| preeclampsia | nonconvulsive form of PIH that, if left untreated, may progress to eclampsia |
| eclampsia | convulsion form of PIH that may be life-threatening |
| sterility | inability of a woman to become pregnant or for a man to impregnate a woman |
| toxic shock syndrome TSS | rare and sometimes fatal staphylococcal infection that generally occurs in mentruating women, who use tampons |
| anorchism | anorchia. congenital absence of one or both testes. |
| balanitis | inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis caused by irritation and invasion of microorganisms and commonly associated with inadequate hygiene of the prepuce and phimosis |
| cryptorchidism | failure of one or both testicles to descend into the scrotum |
| epispadias | congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis near the glans penis instead of the tip |
| hypospadias | congenital defect in which the male urethra opens on the under-surface of the penis instead of the tip |
| impotence | erectile dysfunction. inability of a man to achieve or maintain a penile erection |
| phimosis | stenosis or narrowing of the preputial orifice so that the foreskin cannot be pushed back over the glans penis |
| sexually transmitted disease STD | veneral disease any disease affecting the male or female reproductive system that is acquired as a result of sexual intercourse or other intimate contact with an infected individual. |
| chlamydia | one of the most damaging STD. caused by bacterium chlamydia trachomatic, causing cervicitis in women and urethritis in men |
| genital warts | warts in the genitalia caused by human papillomavirus HPV and associated with cervical cancer in women |
| gonorrhea | contagious bacterial infection caused by the organism Neisseria gonorrhoeae and most commonly affecting the genitourinary tract and occasionally the pharynx or rectum |
| herpes genitalis | infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 of the male or female genital and anorectal skin and mucosa that may be transmitted through the placenta to the fetus during delivery |
| syphilis | infectious chronic STD characterized by lesions that change to a chancre and many involve any organ or tissue |
| trichomoniasis | protozoal infestation of the vagina, urethra, or prostate and the most common STD affecting men and women. although symptoms are most common in women |
| colposcopy | examination of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument colposcope |
| hysterosalpingography | radiography of the uterus and oviducts after injection of a contrast medium |
| laparoscopy | visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually at the umbilicus |
| mammography | radiography of the breasts used to diagnose benign and malignant tumors |
| papanicolaou (pap) test | microscopic analysis of a small tissue sample obtained form the cervix and vagina using a swab in order to detect carcinoma |
| digital rectal examination DRE | examination of the prostate gland by finger palpation through the anal canal and the rectum |
| prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test | blood test used to screen for prostate cancer in which elevated levels of PSA are associated with prostate enlargement and cancer |
| cerclage | obstetric procedure in which a nonabsorbic suture is used for holding the cervix closed to prevent spontaneous abortion in a woman who has an incompetent cervix |
| dilation and curettage (D&C) | surgical procedure that widens the cervical canal of the uterus (dilation) so that the endometrium of the uterus can be scraped (curettage) to stop prolonged/heavy uterine bleeding, diagnose uterine abnormalities,&obtain tissue for microscopic examination |
| hysterosalpingooophorectomy | surgical removal of a uterus, a fallopian tube, and an ovary |
| lumpectomy | excision of a small primary breast tumor ("lump") and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it |
| mastectomy | complete or partial excision of one or both breasts, most commonly performed to remove a malignant tumor |
| total | simple mastectomy. mastectomy that involves excision of an entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin |
| modified radical | mastectomy that involves excision of an entire breast, including lymph nodes in the underarm (axillary dissection) |
| radical | mastectomy that involves excision of an entire breast, all underarm lymph nodes, and chest wall muscles under the breast |
| reconstructive breast surgery | reconstruction of a breast that has been removed due to cancer or other disease and commonly possible immediately following mastectomy so that patient awakens from anesthesia with a breast mound already in place |
| tissue (skin) expansion | common breast reconstruction technique in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle, saline solution is gradually injected to increase size, and the expander is the replaced with a more permanent implant |
| transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap | surgical creation of a skin flap (using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen) which is passed under the skin to the breast area, shaped into a natural-looking breast, and sutured into place |
| tubal ligation | sterilization procedure that involves blocking both fallopian tubes by cutting or burning them and tying them off |
| circumcision | surgical removal of the foreskin or prepuce of the penis and usually performed on the male as a infant |
| transurethral resection | surgical procedure to relieve obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (excessive normal tissue overgrowth) by inserting resectoscope into the penis and through urethra to chip away at prostatic tissue&flush out chips using an irrigatin solution |
| antifungals | treat vaginal fungal infection. like candidiasis |
| estrogens | treat symptoms of menopause (hot flashes, vaginal dryness) through hormone replacement therapy (HRT) |
| hormone replacement therapy HRT | synthetic hormone used to correct a deficiency of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone or testosterone hormone, relive symptoms of menopause, and prevent osteoporosis in women |
| oral contraceptives | birth control pills. prevent ovulation in order to avoid pregnancy |
| gonadotropins | hormonal preparation used to increase sperm count in infertility |
| spermicides | method of birth control that destroys sperm by creating a highly acidic environment in the uterus |
| amniocentesis (amniotic fluid test) | obstetric procedure. used in prenatal diagnosis of abnormalities and fetal infections. involves surgical puncture to extract amniotic fluid |
| down syndrome edward syndrome (trisomy 18) turner syndrome (monosomy X) | most common DNA abnormalities |
| vasectomy | incision through scrotal sac, patient is in anesthesia. urologist cuts vas deferens from each testicle, then binds of (ligates) the ends with suture. prevents sperm from mixing with ejaculated semen, which prevents egg fertilization |
| ligand | to bind off |
| vasovasostomy | vasectomy reversal (pg. 234). more difficult than vasectomy. requires patient to go under anesthesia |
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