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Pyschology terms
Exam 1: Chapter 1-2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| psychology | the scientific study of mental processes and behavior. |
| empirical evidence | evidence that proves this idea actually exists (factual evidence) |
| critical thinking | process of objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information. |
| hypothesis | tentative belief about the relationship that is shared between 2 or more variables. |
| pseudoscience | does not operate under the standards of scientific investigation. |
| dualism | focuses on needing both the mind and body. |
| aphasia | language disorder impacted lesions on the left side of the brain. |
| step 1 to the scientific method | develop research questions/review literature |
| step 2 to the scientific method | develop an operational hypothesis |
| step 3 to the scientific method | devise a study (research method)/collect data |
| step 4 to the scientific method | examine data and research conclusion |
| step 5 to the scientific method | report findings of study by publishing findings |
| step 6 to scientific method | build a theory |
| Paul Broca | says that with aphasia they were unable to speak fluently but could comprehend language (expressive language) |
| Carl Wernicke | deals with receptive language in regards to aphasia |
| Sigmund Freud | founder of psychoanalysis; deals with states of consciousness |
| Ivan Pavlov | russian. showed that animals learn some things through association |
| John B. Watson | Founder of Behaviorism |
| humanistic perspective | the idea that humans are good in nature |
| Abraham Maslow | Leader in the humanistic psychology movement |
| Jean Piaget | Developmental and cognitive psychologist known for his studies of children's thought processes |
| cognitive perspective | if a person maintains the correct way to process perception and emotion |
| psychodynamic perspective | consciousness being defined as a state |
| social perspective | measures levels of social behavior and how people learn socially |
| biological perspective | the nervous system is designed to help us interact to our environment |
| cultural perspective | the idea that our culture influences the way we are |
| evolutionary perspective | people evolve over time; the idea that people change to fit the environment they're on |
| random assignment | assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences among those assigned to different groups |
| goals of scientific psychology | to describe, explain, predict, control, and to change behavior and mental processes |
| clinical psychology | largest area of psychology, phD needed, anawork with both kids and adults |
| school psychology | work with children and families and work in school |
| developmental psychology | study the lifespan of a person |
| forensic psychology | work with police officers to estimate the behaviors and personalities in crime scenes |
| research | attempt to systematically and with the support of data the answer to a question, the resolution to a problem, or greater understanding of a phenomenon |
| theoretical framework | systematic way of organizing and explaining observation |
| standardized procedure | procedures that is the same for all subjects except where variation is introduced to test a hypothesis |
| generalizability | sample that is representative of the population |
| objective measure | the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes |
| dependent variable | the research variable that is influenced by the independent variable. in psychology, the behavior or mental process where the impact of the independent variable is measured |
| independent variable | the research variable that a researcher actively manipulates, and if the hypothesis is correct, will cause a change in the dependent variable |
| variables | something that can be changed |
| continuous variable | characteristics that continue, such as intelligence, temperament, rate recovery |
| categorical variable | a variable comprised of groupings, classifications, or categories |
| internal validity | the extent to which a study methodologically is appropriate |
| external validity | the extent to which the findings of the study can be generalized to situations outside the laboratory |
| measurements | the process rules for assigning numbers to observations to represent quantities of attribute |
| quantitative | answer questions about data that can be measured in order to explain and predict |
| qualitative | a categorical measurement expressed not in terms of numbers, but rather by means of natural language description |
| inter-rater reliability |
Created by:
danat214
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