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STMG Ch. 8
Control
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is 'controlling'? | The process of measuring performance and taking action to ensure desired results |
| What is the process of measuring performance and taking action to ensure desired results called? | Control |
| What is unique about a cybernetic control system? | It is self-contained in its performance monitoring and correction capabilities |
| What type of control is self-contained in its performance monitoring and correction capabilities? | Cybernetic control systems |
| What do output standards do? | Measure performance results in terms of quantity, quality, cost, or time |
| What kind of standard measures performance results in terms of quantity, quality, cost, or time? | Output standards |
| What do input standards do? | Measure work efforts that go into a performance task |
| What kind of standard measures work efforts that go into a performance task? | Input standards |
| What are What four steps are involved in the management control process? | Establishment of objectives and standards; Measurement of actual performance; Compare results with objectives and standards; take corrective action as needed |
| Which step of the control process defines input and output standards? | Step 1: Establish objectives and standards |
| What does MBWA stand for? | Management By Walking Around |
| Which step does a management technique such as MBWA belong to? | Step 2: Measure actual performance |
| Define a control equation? | Need for action = Desired Performance - Actual Performance |
| Which step does control equations and benchmarking belong to? | Step 3: Comparison of results with objectives and standards |
| What does a historical comparison do? | Uses past performance as a benchmark for evaluating current performance |
| What does a relative comparison do? | Uses performance achievements of other people, work units, or organizations as the evaluation standard |
| What does an engineering comparison do? | Uses engineered standards that are set scientifically through methods such as time and motion studies |
| What step of the control process allows use of Management by Exception and after-action reviews? | Step 4: Take corrective action |
| What does 'management by exception' entail? | Focussing of managerial attention on substantial differences between actual and desired performance |
| What does an after-action review do? | Formally examines results to identify lessons learnt in a completed project or special operation |
| What "Formally examines results to identify lessons learnt in a completed project or special operation"? | An after-action review |
| What management process involves "Focussing of managerial attention on substantial differences between actual and desired performance"? | Management by Exception |
| What are the three types of control? | Feedforward, concurrent, feedback |
| At what point in the control process do feedforward controls apply? | Before activity begins |
| What type of control applies to work inputs? | Feedforward |
| What type of control applies to work throughputs? | Concurrent |
| What type of control applies to work outputs? | Feedback |
| What do feedforward controls do? | Ensure that direction and resources are right before work begins |
| What do concurrent controls do? | Ensure the right things are being done duringwork-flow operations |
| What do feedback controls do? | Ensure that final results match standards |
| At what point in the control process do concurrent controls apply? | During the work process |
| What do concurrent controls do? | They focus on what happens during the work process |
| How does internal control occur? | It occurs through self-discipline and self-control |
| How does external control occur? | It occurs through direct supervision or administrative systems such as rules and procedures |
| Does internal control correlate to Theory X or Theory Y perspectives? | Theory Y |
| Beaurocratic control is a __________ form of control | Classic |
| What does beaurocratic control do? | It influences behavior through authority, policies, procedures, job descriptions, budgets, and day-to-day supervision |
| What does clan control do? | It influences behavior through norms and expectations set by the organizational culture |
| What is market control? | The influence of the market competition on the behavior or organizations and their members |
| What is discipline? | The act of influencing behavior through reprimand |
| Wat is 'progressive discipline'? | The process of tying reprimands to the severity and frequency of misbehavior |
| Liquidity, asset management, and leverage are all aspects of what types of controls? | Information and financial controls |
| Information and financial controls include what three aspects of organizational performance? | Liquidity, asset management, and leverage |
| What are three types of operations and management controls? | Purchasing, inventory, and quality control |
| Inventory control by _____________ _________ ___________ orders replacements whenever inventory level falls to a certain point | economic order quantity |
| What is economic order quantity and what does it do? | A type of inventory control that orders replacements whenever inventory level falls to a certain point |
| What is just-in-time (JIT) scheduling? | Minimizes inventory by routing materials to workstations 'just in time' to be used |
| What type of inventory control minimizes inventory by routing materials to workstations just in time to be used? | JIT scheduling |
| What "checks processes, materials, products, and services to ensure that they meet high standards"? | Quality control |
| What does quality control do? | Checks processes, materials, products, and services to ensure that they meet high standards |
| What does a Gantt chart do? | Graphically displays the scheduling of tasks required to complete a project |
| What "graphically displays the scheduling of tasks required to complete a project"? | A Gantt Chart |
| What is a CPM/PERT? | A combination of the critical path method and the program evaluation and review technique |
| In a CPM/PERT, what does AON mean? | Activities on Nodes |
| In a CPM/PERT, what does AOA mean? | Activities on Arrows |
| What is a critical path? | The shortest possible time in which an entire project can be completed if all projects go according to plan |
| What does a balanced scorecard do? | It tallies organizational performance in financial, customer service, internal process, innovation and learning areas |
| MBO is what? | A process of joint objective-setting between a manager and staff member |
| What is a disadvantage of MBO? | Formal feedback may not immediately recognize positive longterm effects in staff activity |
| Culturally specific disadvantages to MBO are related to what? | Varying cultural attitudes toward emphasis of the 'individual' |
Created by:
ginamaye
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