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Section 8
Memory
Term | Definition |
---|---|
encoding | process of translating information and experience into neural codes |
storage | process of retaining coded information and experience over time |
retrieval | process of recovering stored information and experience |
sensory memory | first memory stage that holds actual information and experience- large capacity, but duration is just a split second |
short term memory | second memory stage that temporarily stores information and experience then decides whether or not to send it to long-term memory- capacity is limited to only 7 terms (+/-2) and duration is only 20 to 30 seconds |
long term memory | third stage of memory that stores information for long periods- capacity is virtually limitless and duration is relatively permanent |
maintenance rehersal | repeating information over and over to maintain it in short-term memory |
chunking | grouping separate pieces of information into a single unit in order to get more material into short-term memory |
organization | setting up an efficient storage system so as to make retrieval easier |
elaboration | linking new material to previously stored material in order to increase the effectiveness of long term memory |
Mnemonic | specific memory improvement "trick" based on encoding items in a special way |
eidetic imagery | technical term for "photographic memory"- sensory memories retained |
declarative memories (memories encoded in verbal form) vs. Procedural memories (memories encoded non-verbally) | "mental memories" vs. "muscle memories." |
explicit memories (memories that one is aware of having and are easily retrieved) vs. | Implicit memories (memories one is not aware exist and cannot be retrieved without assistance) |
priming | facilitating the retrieval of implicit memories by providing hints and cues |