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Pharm
Cardiovascular
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Digoxin (Lanoxin) | Increases cardiac contractility. Drug for the patients at the end stage of CHF. Can take at home specifically right on the heart. |
| Diuretics | Increase Na and H2O excretion |
| ACEI | Decrease BP & blood Volume |
| Dobutamine, Dopamine, PDE Inhibitors | Increase ventricular contractility |
| Clonidine (Catapres)..Kapvay ADHD | Stimulates Alpha 2 receptors in CNS. Decreases NE release. Decrease HR and BP. Do not D/C abruptly. |
| Reserpine (serpasil) | Depletes stores of catecholamines in neurons. ↓ TPR/BP ↓Co. Causes sedation, depression.. |
| Propranol (Inderal) | B1 + B2 blocker. Good PO |
| Metoprolol (Lopressor) | B1 Blocker. Do NOT use in COPD + Diabetes |
| Atenolol (Tenormin) | B1 Blocker. Long t 1/2 |
| Labetolol (Normodyne):( | B1 + B2 blocker. Alapha 1 blocker. ↓TPR/BP WITHOUT a reflex ↓ HR |
| Hydralazine (Apresoline) | Directly reacts arterioles via ↓ Ca ++ flux in smooth muscles. ↓ TPR (↓ afterload). causes reflex increase HR. May be used in pregnancy**. SLE Lupus |
| Minoxidil (Loniten) | Directly relaxes arteriols via ↓ Ca ++ flux in smooth muscle cells. ↓TPR/BP (↓afterload). Used for refractory HTN only. |
| Nitroprusside (Nipride) | Converted to nitric oxide which is a vasodilator (↓ BOTH preload + afterload)Given IV in hypertensive crisis. |
| Prazosin (Minipress) | alpha 1 blocker causes vasodilation, ↓TPR Good for moderate HTN. |
| Verapamil (Isopten) | Blocks Ca - flux in smooth muscle cells – vasodilation, ↓ TPR. Dizziness |
| Nifedipine (Procardia) | Blocks Ca - flux in smooth muscle cells – vasodilation, ↓ TPR. Dizziness increase HR |
| Amlodipine(Norvasc) | Blocks Ca - flux in smooth muscle cells – vasodilation, ↓ TPR. Dizziness. increase HR |
| Lisinopril (Prinivil) | ACEI once a day dosing. dizziness |
| Losartan (Cozaar) | Blocks angiotensin II; ARB. Decreases BP and salt and H2O load |
| Quinidine (Quinaglute Cin-Quin) | Antiarrhythmic Drug. Blocks Na channels, ↓ automaticity of ectopic foci. Used for atrial + ventricular arrhythmias. |
| Lidocaine (L-Caine) | Antiarrhythmic Drug. Blocks Na channels, ↓ automaticity of ectopic foci. Used for vent. arr's following MI of surgery. ONLY given IV |
| Propranolol (Inderal) Class 2 | .↓ AV nodal conductance by ↑ AV node refractory period. Good for digoxin induced arr's. |
| Amiodarone (Cordarone) Class 3 | Antiarrhythmic Drug ↑ duration of the action potential; given IV Given PO. Good for life-threatening vent arr's. |
| Verapamil (Isopten) Class 4 | Antiarrhythmic Drug. ↓ AV nodal conduction. good for atrial arr's |
| Stable angina | Chest pain caused by exercise/stress |
| Unstable angina | More severe than stable angina; may develop at rest & cause myocardial damage |
| Variant (Prinzmetal's) angina | Due to vasospasm of coronary vessels, may occur at rest, same time each day. |
| Nitroglycerin (Nitro-Bid, Nitrostat) | Treat Angina. Vasodilator (↓ preload), dilates coronary arteries; relaxes peripheral veins. |
| Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) | Treat Angina. Vasodilator (↓ preload), dilates coronary arteries; relaxes peripheral veins. Used for prophylaxis of angina (not stable). |
| Atenolol, Propranolol (Tenormin, Inderal) | B blockers, ↓ work of heart NOT used for variant angina. Do not d/c abruptly! |
| Verapamil, Nifedipine (Isopten, Procardia) Amlodipine(Norvasc) | Ca++ channel blockers, dilate coronary arteries. Good for all 3 types of angina; good for patients with low ejection fraction. Increase HR |
| Heparin | Anticoagulant. Potentiates antithrombin III, blocking free thrombin. Prevents formation of new thrombi. |
| Enoxaparin (Lovenox) | Form of heparin. Potentiates antithrombin III, blocking free thrombin. Shorter half life. |
| Bivalrudin (angiomax) | Anticoagulant. Given IV to prevent clots in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty |
| Desirudin (lpravask) | Anticoagulant. SubQ for DVT |
| Dabigatran Extilate (pradaxa) | Anticoagulant. Thrombin inhibitor. No monitoring, rapid onset, few drug-food interactions, lower risk of bleeds, same dose works for all patients. Only approved for prevention of stroke in patients with a fibrillation. |
| Rivaroxaban (Xalrelto) | Factor Xa inhibitor. No monitoring, rapid onset, fixed dose, lower bleeds risk, few Anticoagulant. drug or food interactions. Same use as above and for pts with hip/knee replacements. |
| Alteplase (Activase), Tenecteplase (TNKase) | Binds to fibrin then activates plasminogen-plasmin. May be given by bolus injection--faster. Used for MI, stroke, Massive PE |
| Fibrinolytics | These drugs dissolve clots. They are given after and acute MI or stroke. |
| Aspirin (ASA) Ibuprofen | Antiplatelet Drugs. Inhibits cyclooxygenase. blocks formation of TXA2 which aggregates platelets. Can be used for unstable angina, MI, Stroke |
| Clopidogrel (Plavix) Ticlopidine (Ticlid) | Antiplateled Drug Inhibits platelet. Phosphodiesterase; ↓ platelet aggregation. Super Aspirins given IV. |
| Atorvastatin (Lipitor) Simvastatin (Zocor)Rosuvastatin (Crestor) | Hyperlipidemia. MOA that inhibits cholesterol.synthesis in liver → ↓ LDL-C in the serum. Up regulates LDL receptors leading to ↑ catabolic clearance of serum LDL-C. |
| Gemfibrozil (Lopid)Fenofibrate (Tricor) | Hyperlipidemias. Fibric Acid Derivatives that ↑ lipoprotein lipase activity. ↓ lipolysis in adipose tissue and ↓ hepatic uptake of fatty acids. |
| Cholestyramine (Questran) | Hyperlipidemias.Bile Acid Sequestrants. Anion-exchange resins: bind to bile acids in intestine → fecal excretion. Indicated for lowering LDL-C but will increase triglycerides VLDL-C initially. |
| Ezetimibe (Zetia) | Hyperlipidemias. Block cholesterol absorption. Indicated for lowering LDL-C will decrease triglycerides and VLDL-C a little. High fat foods will pass right through you. |
| Nicrontini Acid (niacin) | Hyperlipidemias. Inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue; ↓ hepatic production of VLDL → ↓ serum triglycerides and LDL-C. |
| Cyanocobalamin | For B12 deficiency Anemia. Due to decrease intrinsic factor, gastrectomy, or vegetarian die. |
| Folic Acid | Used for Folic acid-deficiency Anemia. Seen in alcoholics and molnourished |
| Epoetin alpha (Epogen, Procrit) | Stimulates RBC production. Used in renal disease, HIV, Infection, and patients receiving chemotherapy. |
| Filgrastim (Neupogen) | ↑neutrophil production. Used for neutropenia (severe cyclic, chronic), especially that seen in chemo patients. SE of note is bone pain. |
| Saragramostim (GMCSF, Leukine): | ↑ neutrophils, other granulocytes, and macrophages. Used following bone marrow transplant. |
| Thrombopoetin (Oprelvekin, Neumega): | Stimulates platelet production. |
Created by:
whitneydpugh
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