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Pharm Ch. 45
Antineoplastic
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is antineoplastic mean? | Against new tissue growth like cancers |
| Why do cancer cells grow uncontrollably? | 1. they do not have growth control mechanisms 2. Do not have positive physiologic fx |
| What is a cancerous primary legion? | Original site of growth |
| What is metastasis? | Uncontrolled cell growth, secondary lesion in new, remote part of body |
| What is neoplasm? | Mass of new cells, tumor |
| What two types of tumors? | benign, malignant |
| What are three types of cancer? | 1.Carcinomas- arise from epithelial cells "epi car" 2.Sarcomas- from connective tissue ex: 3.Kaposi's sarcoma-Lymphomas/Leukemias- circulating tumors or hematologic malignancies |
| What are paraneoplastic syndromes? | Alongside with cancer cachexia- most common, fatigue, fever, wt loss |
| Chemotherapy is subdivided in two groups | 1.cell cycle-nonspecific (CCNS) 2.cell cycle-specific (CCS) |
| How do CCS-cell cycle specific drugs work on cancer? | Cytotoxic- hurt cell at certain phase |
| What is important to know about chemotherapy? | Narrow therapeutic window combo better drug resistance adverse effect dose limiting adverse effects |
| Which non cancerous cells do chemotherapy effect the most? | Rapid growing like hair follicles, GI tract, bone marrow |
| Name 5 types of cancer tumors that cell cycle specific drugs attack | antimetabolites mitotic inhibitors alkaloid topoisomerase 2 inhibitors Topoisomerase I inhibitor Antineoplastic enzymes |
| How do antimetabolites work | 1.falsely substituting for purines, pyrimidines, or folic aci 2.inhibiting critical enzymes involved in the synthesis or function of these compounds |
| what is example of antimetabolite | 1.Folate Antagonists(DNA only) 2.Purine Antagonists 3.Pyrimidine Antagonists All effect DNA and RNA |
| Antimetabolite Adverse Effects | Tumor Lysis Syndrome-includes hyperphosphatemia, hyperlalemia, hypoclcemia, hyperuricemia |
| Antineoplastic Toxicity | Neurologic, Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, Hepatobiliary, GI, Genitourinary, Dermatologic, Ocular, Otic, Metabolic |
| What do Mitotic Inhibitors Do? | Work before/during Mitosis, CCS |
| What natural plants are mitotic inhibitors derived from? | Periwinkle, Yew, Mayapple(Mandrake) |
| Mitotic Inhibitor & Etoposide Extravasation Antidote | Hyaluronidase |
| Antimetabolites drugs | Folate -methotrexate Purine - Cladribine, Fludarabine Pyrimidine-Capecitabine, Fluorouracil, Gemcitabine, Cytarabine |
| Mitotic Inhibitor Drugs | Etoposide, Paclitaxel, Vincristine |
| What do Topisomerace 2 inhibitor do? | CCS, hurt DNA S phase |
| Topisomerace 2 inhibitor Adverce Effects | Bone Marrow Suppression Irinotecan -odd effect -Cholinergic Diarrhea (delayed, 2-10 days later) |
| Topisomerace 2 inhibitor Drugs | Irinotecan, Topotecan |
Created by:
mary_ray
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